November 19, 2014 the whole country learned that there was a terrible Solikamsk sinkhole.On the territory is slowly dying garden cooperative "key" well formed with steep walls, reaching dimensions of 30 by 40 m. Here because of previous subsidence has electricity was cut off, and many areas have been abandoned since 2005.
why there was a failure in Solikamsk
What is the cause of such events, posing a threat to humans?It was argued that the failure has disappeared at least one weekend house, which has not yet abandoned the home.And just lucky that the failure was formed in late autumn when the garden plots were empty.
main reason for the case in the area have repeatedly drawdowns and failures - rocks.The fact that under the earth there are thick layers of rock and potassium salts - the most valuable raw material for the production of fertilizers.The city is known from 1430, when work began on the digestion of salt.Since specialization Solikamsk saved.Extraction of salt and fertilizer - a city-forming industry, the main place of employment and source of income of the population.
At the same time it is the salt has become one of the reasons why there was a failure in Solikamsk.Groundwater dissolved it, and in the bowels of the earth formed cavity.Also, voids arise from mining.If water gets such cavities, the process of dissolving and leaching is added salts.Void rapidly increase in size.Often the roof above them can not withstand its own weight and collapses, forming on the surface of the land dips and craters.These phenomena are called karstic processes.
history salt dips
Perm region - one of the main centers of world fertilizer production.This title he owes salt deposits, concentrated mainly under the Berezniki and Solikamsk.There is an active mining and potash.
first major event associated with the dissolution of salt groundwater and the collapse of the arch formed voids occurred in 1986.Then one izrudnikov "Uralkali" was present technogenic earthquake.Education failure and drop multi-ton mass of rocks accompanied by flashes and explosion of accumulated gas.
As a result, a crater that a couple of weeks filled with water.The depth of her in 1988 was estimated at 105 m, and 14 years after the formation was 52 m. In this area about the failure continued to slowly sink, iedissolution and leaching of salts in the interior did not stop.
1995 and 1997 were marked by the collapse of the new and, as a consequence, an earthquake measuring up to 4 points.By a lucky chance there was of the victims: the trouble is not affected residential areas.
But in 1998-2001, and the destruction of affected localities.Near the village of New Zyrianka was the formation of a new failure.Near the river port there was a strong subsidence.And on the street Mendeleyev themselves in Berezniki was destroyed several houses and the building of a boarding school.We had to evacuate the population from dangerous areas.
New dips
In October 2006, the first mine accident occurred - the flooding of underground workings, which had to leave, abandoning even the valuable equipment.And in July 2007, in the industrial zone of collapsed ground, a crater measuring 40 by 60 meters. Then there was an increase of failure, the length of which reached almost half a kilometer.
Unlike earlier this failure occurred in close proximity to industrial and residential buildings.Just a few meters separated him from the administrative building Mining Administration.In the danger zone appeared factory building technical salt and drying.At the end of the sheet collapsed railway Chusovaia - Berezniki - Solikamsk.Movement on this site has been discontinued, and later was built a bypass line.
Tragedy on failure
During 2010-2012 was the formation of several failures.When you try to fall asleep one tragic event happened.The wall collapsed failure, taking with him two bulldozers and loaders.The driver of the latter did not have time to jump out and died.
And in November 2014, and a new failure.In Solikamsk residents are asking themselves the same question as in Berezniki: whether there will be the following failure of the right under the apartment buildings?How to protect yourself?
So, in the area of immediate danger proved except Berezniki and Solikamsk (photo).The failure - is just the tip of the iceberg.How large underground voids formed by dissolving the salt, just say no one can.
Sinkhole Yamal
the summer of 2014 on the Yamal Peninsula helicopter discovered the failure of unbelievable depth - 200 m. This giant pit is close to the Bovanenkovo gas field.
And just last November, Russian scientists have been able to go down to the bottom of this amazing crater.They were able to take samples of soil, water and air.But it did not find the answer to the main question: how had such a tremendous education in permafrost peninsula?
What are the main versions of his origin.The first - the fall of the meteorite, the second - the explosion.Scientists theorize that because of melting permafrost freed shale gas, which escaped to the surface, forming a funnel.This was possible, and a gas explosion, which explains how to oplavivshiesya funnel walls.
As you can see, the dips in the ground - a phenomenon by no means rare in nature.The reasons for their formation are most often the various natural processes: dissolution of rocks (karst), the melting of permafrost.But they are amplified in the active business person, as shown by the failure of Solikamsk.And here the most important thing - to avoid victims, to find a reasonable compromise between economic necessity and safety.
