International law - this is an area of law, which traditionally covers the sphere of relations between States.Now, however, it applies to the relationship between the various countries, as well as those who are their nationals.Moreover, it is even applicable to the relationship between individuals.It depends on what specific areas of signed contracts according to which the agreement is valid, such as: sea, diplomatic, environmental, human rights and so on.As a rule, guided by the principle of the state, which is called the "general international law".This concept includes the customs and practices, as well as universal standards recognized by civilized nations as law.There also are legal opinions and theories of the most qualified experts in the field.These principles apply to all states, even those who are not members of the agreement, where these rules are contained.
Customary international law
This is the source of all agreements between the two countries, as well as covenants and conventions.It consists of international rules drawn from the practice of different countries and is regarded as law (opinio juris).Countries all over the world they create is right by their actions or reactions to the actions of others.How does this happen?When they evaluate any action as lawful or not, themselves developing customary international law.This happens even when in practice the governments themselves and the country violate these rules.For example, the prohibition of torture.Everyone knows that people tortured and beat out of them indications in different countries.But the fact that there is no state in which such behavior would be legitimate, supports the validity of the ban.Certain rules of general international law is so important that no country can escape from them any or limit their action under any circumstances.These standards are known as jus cogens and are in the Vienna Convention on the law of treaties.
Modern international law of human rights
This area of the world the legislation concerns the protection of the freedom and dignity of all people: women, children and men.It obliges the state to respect and protect human rights and ensure that they are in practice.Traditionally, this area of international treaties was seen only in a rather narrow context.It was believed that it comes to protecting the individual from the encroachments of the state.Recently, however, it was acknowledged that the government has a duty to intervene when private individuals act in ways that may infringe the rights of others.What is the basis of his action?The source of this form of international law are treaties, such as various UN Convention and authoritative interpretation of such agreements.
International humanitarian law
known as the "laws of war", it is applied in a situation of internal and external conflict.It defines the standards of conduct for combatants (active participants in the fighting) and their leaders.In a broader sense it limits the means and methods of warfare and protects the sick, wounded, prisoners, civilians.Some of the actions of international humanitarian law prohibits.Their violation is a war crime.
currently developing international criminal law.It acts both in contractual relations and in the field of customs and helps attract the most heinous human rights violators to justice.It is a good model for the reform of national legislation
