first even Socrates pointed to the distinction between body and soul.He defined the soul as reason, which is the beginning of the divine.It begins in ancient times, the development of psychology.Socrates defended the idea of immortality of the soul.So for the first time there has been a movement towards an idealistic understanding of the substance.The highest development of this understanding reached Plato.He created the doctrine of "the ideas" that are immutable, eternal, non-occurrence and does not in any substance.Matter, unlike them - this is nothing, nothingness, which, when combined with any idea can become a thing.An integral part of the idealistic theory is the doctrine of the soul, which stands between the beginning of connecting ideas and things.The soul - the spirit of the world, she is born before the body.
Development psychology is not standing still.In the XVII century there was distinct from the existing methodological setting - empiricism.Before that dominated knowledge, focused on authority and tradition, it is now perceived as inspiring doubt.There have been significant discoveries and insights that reflect the most recent changes in the system of scientific thinking.Psychology in the long historical path of development was considered a science of the soul, consciousness, psyche, behavior.Each of these terms are related and subject content, and confrontation of opposing views.But, despite this, we survived the general point of view, the general idea, which arose at the intersection of new and different ideas.Periods of psychology often stood in those days, when the life of the community there are any significant changes in, or related disciplines - philosophy, medicine - there is new knowledge, giving a starting point for changing the pre-existing views.For example, in the Middle Ages a new psychological concepts were due to the great triumph of mechanics and mathematics.The first psychological concept, created with the mathematics and mechanics, belonged to Descartes.He saw the body as an automatic system that works mechanically.The development of psychology in a different direction continued Bacon, who wanted to clear the human mind from the prejudices and superstitions that obscure it.That he is a famous saying: "Knowledge - force."Scientist called for the experimental study of the world, a leading role in addressing this issue diverting experiment rather than contemplation and observation.Man acquires power over nature, cleverly asked her and pulls her secrets with the help of specially devised instruments.
development of psychology in the XVII century is revealed in the following scientific developments:
- of the living body as a mechanical system in which there is no place in any hidden qualities or heart;
- the doctrine of consciousness as the inherent ability of every individual to an internal monitoring to obtain the most correct knowledge about their mental states;
- the doctrine of the affections as a regulator of behavior laid down in the body that sent man to the fact that it is useful and avert what is harmful;
- the doctrine of the relation between physiological and psychological.
Features of the development of psychology in the XIX and XX century were marked by the emergence of new trends: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanistic psychology.The rapid development of society and science, as well as in the Middle Ages and in antiquity, pushed to the appearance looks different from pre-existing.During this period they stand out and finally formed the various branches of psychological science.
