alkenes - are chemicals hydrocarbon nature, having in its structure one double bond.These include ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexene, heptene and others.Application of alkenes is typical of many areas of the industry, as well as for the national economy.
Due to the high reactivity of the compounds with a double bond, they are widely used as raw materials for chemical industry.Consider for example the use of alkenes ethylene.Ethylene standing at the beginning of the homologous series of alkenes is used to produce ethylene glycol, which is in turn used to produce synthetic fibers Dacron, antifreezes, explosives.An important role is played in the application of the polymerization of ethylene.It runs at a high temperature and pressure.Polymerizing ethylene forming polyethylene which is used as a basis for the production of plastics, synthetic rubbers and fuel.Polyethylene short macromolecules is a liquid lubricant.If the number of units in a molecule of polyethylene is 1,5-3 thousand, then it is possible to produce bags, the film, bottles, plastic utensils.With increasing chain length of up to five or six thousand polyethylene becomes hard, durable material from which made the pipe fittings.Of the other alkenes are also prepared by polymerization of synthetic fibers.High strength properties of polypropylene, has produced from propene.
In the reaction of ethylene with hydrogen chloride, ethyl chloride is formed, which is used in medicine for local anesthesia.The use of alkenes is also related to their ability to react with water, forming alcohols.Thus, in the process of ethylene hydration reaction is obtained ethyl alcohol.They found their use as raw materials for production of organic compounds, lacquers, plastics, and cosmetic industries means alkene oxide, which are formed from compounds with the double bond during the oxidation of oxygen.As a result of the addition reaction of alkenes and halogen-haloalkanes prepared.Thus obtained dichloroethane from ethylene, which is used as a solvent to dissolve paints and varnishes, decontaminating granaries, soil, grain, as well as an adhesive for joining plastics.The raw material for the production of acetic acid, ethyl benzene, styrene and many other commercially important chemical compounds as ethylene.The chemical properties determine its scope of application as the foundation for all of these substances.The high reactivity due to the presence of a double bond.Addition reactions in alkenes occur at the double bond.The result is the splitting of π-communication and education in its place two σ-bonds.
Application alkene is not limited to their use as raw materials for a huge number of compounds.For example, ethylene and storages used in greenhouses for accelerating the ripening of fruits and vegetables, as well as a plant growth regulator.
