the Urals, 40 km east of Yekaterinburg, is one of the first in the Soviet Union Industrial nuclear power plants.It began to build in 1955 and was named "Beloyarsk NPP."In 1964 he gave the first unit of electricity AMB-100 "Nuclear Peace Big" with a capacity of 100 MW.Since 1967, in the second - AMB-200.The third block - BN-600 "fast-breeder" 600 MW - earned in April 1980 now has three nuclear power reactor.In 1981 and 1987 the first two were stopped.In the remaining third.Experts called fast reactors "breeders", ie"Breeder".They were used for the production of weapons-grade plutonium from uranium.All Western countries for various reasons, such reactors are stopped.And only Beloyarsk NPP is the latest in the world of such an industrial unit.The reliability and safety of its very high.
Glance reactor.In his work area loading fuel assemblies - a tube of zirconium.They placed nuclear fuel pellets, usually uranium U235.In the fission fuel in the tubes of a lot of heat, which is molten sodium metal (or lead) or water under enormous pressure (not boiling) is derived from the hot zone (first circuit).Sodium thus has a high radioactivity;that it does not pass outside, the heat is transferred to the second loop in which the same metal or high-pressure water.Here, the coolant fluid is heated to boiling the third loop, and the steam supplied to the turbine.Later, the construction of water in all circuits.Reactors metal-metal-water theoretically more dangerous than water-cooled.But they are more compact, so you can use them for transport.Beloyarsk NPP BN-600 reactor in the first two circuits have metal coolant.Last - steam-sodium steam superheater.
Beloyarsk NPP-2 - the second (or rather four) power at a time of construction.Four years of operation of a pilot unit BN-600 and processing the information received led to the decision to add two more - BN-800 and BN-1200.After the Chernobyl accident, the work stopped, but the project continued to adjust.In 2007, construction resumed.
unit BN-800 is intended for the further development of the technology "fast neutrons", and the positive results it will enable:
- form a closed fuel cycle of nuclear power plants;
- more than 50 times to increase the recycling of spent uranium is already providing fuel nuclear power plants of the country;
- partially dispose of nuclear waste, use of non-radioactive uranium U238 from the dumps;
- let into the fuel turnover of plutonium from dismantled nuclear warheads.
Beloyarsk NPP with the new units by 2022 will have a capacity of 2600 MW.In the coming years, will begin construction of block number 5 - BN-1200.
Commissioning several reactors BN-1200 on this and other nuclear power plants and the inclusion of a cycle of enterprises producing nuclear fuel, form a system of manufacturing.Since Russia itself and provide a friendly country this fuel for hundreds of years.Beloyarsk NPP will take its rightful place in this cycle, asits units of different types of experimental practice new solutions in the energy sector of the peaceful atom.
