When war is raging everywhere, it is very difficult to send thoughts and force people back on track.The ruin, misery, death - all this creates a strong demotivating effect.However, there is a certain type of people who are aware of the gravity of the situation, but it is not surrendering.They are worthy of the highest awards, as a result of their drastic action had saved the lives of many people.This fact has been adopted by the government of the Soviet Union during World War II.It was noted that where people are fighting desperately and harder when they know about the outside support.Thus, apart from the notorious Stalin's order "Not a step back" in the period from 1941 to 1945, it was released a large number of various awards.The purpose of their creation was not other than the motivation of senior officers and soldiers in general.Because of the whole array of such "incentives" stands out the name of the Order of Kutuzov, developed in 1943.
History of the Order of Kutuzov
In the early stages of the war, the Soviet side suffered heavy losses.Therefore, on all fronts, a large-scale retreat of the Red Army to the rear, but the process was accompanied by the constant skirmishes with the enemy.There are also cases when the soldiers got into the environment, but do not even think to give up.A striking example is the famous defense of the Brest Fortress.
Even with the numerical superiority of the enemy forces and complete environment of our soldiers threw their positions.Of course, such actions the Red Army could not inspire the highest ranks of government.In order to motivate the rest of the soldiers to such decisive action, it was decided to establish a special award.The Statute awards clearly traced its "defensive" essence.In other words, people are not rewarded for offensive and for competent and courageous action in defense.Some experts in the field of the history of the Great Patriotic War sees little similarity between the Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov, but real facts which would give the base such an assertion, is very small.Even in the Statutes of these awards are presented very different requirements and principles.
Order of Kutuzov of interest primarily to the fact that its powers have been established at different times.One should also note the date of establishment - July 29, 1942, the day after the signing of the decree number 227 ("Not one step back").Considering all the above facts, we can conclude that the people awarded the Order of Kutuzov, had merit in the process of retreat or the environment.Clarity regarding the criteria according to which presented an award, the Order of the Statute provides.
Statute of the Order of Kutuzov
statute referred to certain set of criteria according to which the commanders were to award.All awarded the Order of Kutuzov had to carry out a particular action of a defensive nature.He depended on the rank that a person had submitted for the award.There are only three degrees of the Order, namely: I, II, III.
Degree Order
1. Order of Kutuzov I degree
award is given to the most senior ranks of the army: army commanders, chiefs of staff, and so on. N. There was a list of conditions under which a person could give the Order of Kutuzov I degree:
- For developedoperation, so that was achieved victory over the enemy.
- For a great fallback plan, under which a massive counterattack.
- For the organization of the struggle of compounds with superior enemy forces.
2. Order of Kutuzov II Degree
Order of Kutuzov II Degree awarded chiefs and commanders of the staffs of brigades and divisions for the following services:
- persistent and courageous opposition to upcoming superior forces.
- Proper management of troops in a difficult battle.
- Ability to fight in the environment.
3. Order of Kutuzov III degree
award is given to company commanders, regiments and battalions:
- for the seizure of a large unit of resistance, provided the minimum losses of their own personnel.
- For the competent pursuit of the enemy, combined with the process of the destruction of his forces.
- for the defeat of the enemy's rear.
Knights of the Order of Kutuzov
So, who was awarded such a high rank?The first 17 officers who were awarded the Order of Kutuzov I degree: Army Commander Gen. Zakavskazskogo front seals;Colonel-General Purkayev;Lieutenant-General Zakharov Malinin;army commanders to lieutenant general and major general Zhadov, Zhuravlev, Dukhanov, Galanin, Galitsky, Romanenko, Fedyuninsky, Romanovsky, Kharitonov, Trufanov, Khomenko, Hulk Koroteev.
some teams are able to receive the Order of two or even three times.For example, Marshal Sokolovsky, Colonel-General Koroteev, Colonel-General Nikitin, bayonets, Major-General Vladimir was awarded three Orders of rewarding.
It should be noted that the Order of Kutuzov - the highest-ranking Soviet award - awarded not only to Soviet officers.Today we know more than a hundred foreign soldiers who are holders of the Order.
Appearance
Material production depended on the degree of the Order.The first was made of gold, the second and third - silver.Order of Kutuzov I degree was completely golden, designed as a five-pointed star with lots of small rays.In the middle was a round, enameled in white.Inside it you can see the image of Kutuzov on the background of the Kremlin.The rim pictures made in the form of gold laurel and oak wreath.The image is surrounded by a white enamel general line on which the inscription: "Mikhail Kutuzov".
Kutuzov Order today
In the Russian Federation the order has not been canceled.But until 2010 the Statute had no.The union canceled, and the new not come up.That changed Sept. 7, 2010, when he was released by the presidential decree "On measures to improve the award system."It details all the painted decorations and the criteria for the award.
Thus, the article was considered the history of the institution insignia, as well as provides people awarded the Order of Kutuzov.It is still relevant today.
