in the literature often the word "ulus", but many of us often have only a general idea about this concept.Let's try to understand what it means.
meaning of Ulus plural.This tribal union of the population of Central and Middle Asia, and the administrative and territorial unit in the eastern and northern part of Tsarist Russia, and the settlement of some peoples of Central Asia and Siberia.Ulus - a lot, part of the empire of Genghis Khan, the most famous of which are the Central Asian Chagatai, son of Genghis Khan (Chagatai ulus), as well as the Golden Horde.As for present-day Russia, it is the village and the village of Kalmykia and Buryatia regions of Yakutia.The most common meaning of the word ulus - a people, a generation.Sometimes you can see the use of the term in the sense of class, such as "chorus-ulus" - "sneaky, black people."
history uluses
People, formed ulus, did not set any boundaries between them, recognizing the steppe common to all.Buryats, who moved to the 16th and 17th centuries, from Mongolia to Lake Baikal, is also located on the ground large groups of childbirth up to the present time hold it together.Mongolian and Kalmyk ulus to the late 19th century, retains the same basic features as in the days of Genghis Khan: Each of them formed a nomadic horde, which ruled tribal chiefs - noyons.They depended on Taishi.The best and biggest ulus owned Taisha, less well-off he gave at the disposal of hereditary Noyon according to their generic seniority.Their rule was not limited, however, it is largely governed by the customary law of old accepted.His spokesmen and media were honored old men - the best people ulus.Internal structure in line with the tribal traits.Ulus - an alliance of which was divided into small tribal groups - Houghton, aimags and swelling.Each of them is managed by the founder's oldest hereditary.He answered before noyons Taisha or for order and prosperity, to preserve the integrity of such fluid social groups as ulus.Thus, the settlements perfectly organized his defense and could themselves carry out the attack.
3 main pillars
generic nature of the device is reflected in the three main pillars: 1) generic solidarity;2) liability;3) mutual responsibility.Tribal solidarity is compulsory charity and mutual aid poor.Rich people have come to help the poor by sharing food, cattle and other necessities.Mandatory been free exchange of services among their members.Collective responsibility is expressed in the fact that, for example, was responsible for the sin of not only the offender, but also all Rodovich Union, to which he belonged.In the case where it was impossible to detect the fine he had to pay the entire clan or district.There was also cleaning the oath, which sometimes completely freed a suspected member of society.
Several similar neighboring ulus formed a clan, or tribal communities.The duties of the members may also include offering gifts to the bride after departure from home for the poor groom's bride price they paid a purse.Mutual responsibility has long persisted in the Selenga Buryats in the form of payment for the stolen items or livestock.If one or more close relatives oath certifying honesty and integrity of the suspected person was freed from his punishment.
Recent changes
However, over the last century of the Buryats device quite seriously changed.The main reasons for this are the spread of Lamaism and arable farming, and the mixing of birth.Government measures also contributed to the degradation of the ancient tribal organization drilled.The ancient right has ceased to operate, yielding place to new legal relations, in parallel with this fall, and many foundations that gave ulus strength and unity.
Yakutia
District, Yakutia are located in the north-eastern Siberia and have a common border with the Magadan region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
To date, this territory includes Ulus 32 (including 3 national).Let us dwell on some of them.
Namsky District
This ulus located in Central Yakutia, covers an area of 11.9 thousand kmThe largest river - the Lena, with many tributaries.It is known that the present borders ulus formed February 10, 1930.Petr Beketov built a fort and founded the city of Yakutsk.In Namsky area has long been engaged in growing cattle.Most of the people settled in the lower part of the valley, the rest of Alas and near the taiga rivers.Their main occupation in the 17th century was cattle.Agriculture itself was not until 1804.Namsky District in the old days was similar to many other parts of Yakutia.If a person is sick, they turn to traditional healers and shamans.In the old days this Ulus existed in the absence of medical institutions on a scientific basis.
Khangalassky region
This Ulus has a huge tourist and recreational potential, in particular, the unique natural ecosystems, flora and fauna, untouched nature.All this is of great interest to tourists.Khangalassky region, located in central Yakutia, covers an area of 24.7 thousand square kilometers and is represented by more than 50 nations and nationalities.The administrative center is the city of Pokrovsk.
In conclusion, I would like to supplement article etymology.From the dictionary Vasmer we learn that the Ulus - a "nomadic parking" and "a number of direct fields."In some sources it is "state-owned forests, provided for use by farmers."
