Put simply and concisely, dispossession - a mass confiscation of the property of the peasants in the 30s of last century, of which there are millions of lives and destinies.Now this process is considered to be illegal, it is necessary compensation to victims.
Home dispossession
Dekulakization, ie deprivation of peasant fist opportunity to use the land, the confiscation of the means of production, "surplus" of management, took place in the years of collectivization.
beginning could be considered the date of signing (01.30.1930) Resolution of the Politburo of the CPSU (b).It establishes procedures and a list of measures to eliminate the kulak farms in regions where the collectivization.
But cannibalization really began much earlier.Lenin made statements about the need to combat more prosperous peasants in 1918.It was then set up special committees dealing with the confiscation of equipment, land, food.
«Fists»
Policy dispossession carried out so brutally that fell under it, and wealthy farmers, and it is far from the prosperity of the population.
Significant masses of peasants affected by the forced collectivization.Cannibalization - is not only depriving their farms.After the destruction of peasants expelled under repression got the whole family, regardless of age.Infants and the elderly are also referred indefinitely in Siberia, the Urals, Kazakhstan.All of the "kulaks" expected forced labor.By and large, the dispossession of the Soviet Union was like a game where the rules are constantly changing.Special settlers had no rights - some responsibilities.
whom ranked as "kulaks", the Soviet government decided without a trial.Could get rid of anyone who was not as friendly or come into conflict with local authorities.
worst thing that applies to undesirable people who had made their "excesses" toil without attracting employees.At first they were called "average" and for some time did not touch.Later, they also recorded at the enemies of the people with the appropriate consequences.
Signs kulak farms
To identify kulak farming were listed its signs (SNK 1929).Among them were the following:
- The use of hired labor in agricultural work and other fields.
- Availability owned peasant mills, oil mills, dry fruit and vegetable, any other mechanical equipment to the engine.
- Letting all these mechanisms.
- Lease of premises for housing.
- Occupation trading activities, intermediation, receipt of unearned income.
reasons dispossession
reasons for such a rigid policy of the authorities is very simple.Agriculture has always been a source of food for the country.In addition to this important function, it could help finance the industrialization process.It is more difficult to cope with the huge number of small, independent farms.It is much easier to manage multiple large.Therefore, the country has begun collectivization.The stated goal of this event - to carry out the socialist transformation of the village.For its successful implementation were set even the specific time.The maximum period of its implementation - 5 years (for non-cereal areas).
However, she could not have taken place without dispossession.That it has provided the basis for the creation of state and collective farms.
Dekulakization - is the elimination of more than 350 000 farms ruined by mid-1930.At a rate of 5-7% of the total number of individual farms real figure was 15-20%.
Reaction village collectivization
Collectivization was seen by villagers in different ways.Many people do not understand what it may lead, and actually did not realize that this cannibalization.When it came to the peasants that the violence and tyranny, they organized the protests.
Some desperate people destroy themselves his farm and killed activists representing Soviet power.To suppress the rebellious Red Army was involved.
Stalin realized that the process could harm its reputation and become a political catastrophe, wrote an article in "Pravda".In it, he strongly condemned the violence and blamed local artists.Unfortunately, the article was not aimed at the elimination of injustice, and written for his own rehabilitation.Already by 1934, despite the resistance of peasants into collective farms have converted 75% of individual farms.
Results
Dekulakization - a process that has crippled the fate of millions of people.Eyewitnesses recall how exiled huge family, who have lived together for generations.Sometimes they had up to 40 people and a combined sons, daughters, grandchildren and great grandchildren.All members of the family worked hard to develop its economy.And he took away all the power came without a trace.The country's population has declined for 11 years by 10 million people.This is due to several reasons.In 1932-1933 they were starving for nearly 30 million people.Areas that grow wheat (Kuban, Ukraine), were the main victims.Hunger has claimed variously estimated five to seven million lives.Many died in exile on hard work, hunger and cold.
In economic terms, this process does not become an impetus for the development of agriculture.On the contrary, the results were disastrous dispossession.There has been a sharp decrease in the number of cattle by 30%, the number of pigs and sheep was reduced by 2 times.Grain production, traditionally an important export Russia, fell by 10%.
farmers are public property, as "no man".New employees worked in a slipshod manner, flourished theft and mismanagement.
To date, all affected by dispossession recognized as victims of political repression.Local authorities mandated to consider and make decisions on compensation to rehabilitated citizens.To do this, you must make a statement.Under Russian law, it can apply not only the rehabilitated citizens and members of their families, community organizations and trusted person.
