Person-oriented technology in preschool and school

Parenting - the process is extremely important, as they are the future members of society.They need to prepare for life in it so as to reveal all their potential and opportunities.In recent years, teachers are increasingly using personality-oriented technologies.Apply them starts with preschool, which greatly increases their effectiveness.

What is it?

first time this term is found in the work of psychologist Carl Rogers.He owns proof of the theory that a successful educational and psychotherapeutic activities needed in general, the same approach.

Rogers says that success in these matters is very important ability to empathy to another person, the person taking it without any additional conditions.In domestic educational circles, the term "student-oriented technology" is considered as one of the ways of interaction in which the teacher provides the most harmonious development of the child's personality and his abilities on the basis only of those qualities that are characteristic of a particular individual.

Brief History

Once upon a time, that is, in the century XVII-XVIII, he lived in Russia one landowner.And he was famous for the fact that every one of his serfs lived lavishly, but still had a reputation though rare craftsman in any area.The neighbors were jealous and wondered, where does the gentleman takes so many smart, talented people?

Once it arrived at the local fool.No matter what he was good for nothing, neither in the field could not work properly or was not trained in crafts.Another would be here already, and waved his hand in the shabby, but the landlord did not draw hands, long time watching this strange man.And he said that "fool" is able to sit all day, polishing sleeve small piece of glass, bringing it to the state of rock crystal.

Just one year old poor was considered the best glass washer in all Moscow, his services were so popular that the former serf, who by that time had long bought himself his freedom, was a list of those wishing to almost six months ahead ...

What we all told?Yes, the thing is that this example - a classic personality-oriented technologies "in the field".The landowner could look closely to each individual talents and identify those people who have been laid in it originally.In schools and kindergartens to the teachers are exactly the same tasks.

What should be considered the child's personality?

This doctrine identity of the child is a priority subject;its development is the main goal of the whole educational system.In general, for a long time, this approach is called anthropocentric.The main thing is to always remember the teacher, is that children should experience the full respect and support in all his creative endeavors.Teacher and student should work together and jointly achieving its task.

general technology student-centered approach includes the notion that the process of education should be the most comfortable for the child, he is obliged to call him only a sense of security and the desire to develop their skills further.

Simply put, the child needs to provide as much independence.Given a choice, the teenager is much better developed, since it does not influenced by external factors, but only thanks to his own will and desire to learn.

main goals and objectives

How should follow the same rules, "confessing" personality-oriented technologies in educational activities?Oh, there are many.Let us enumerate them in detail:

• required to develop and implement individual training programs that focus on the talents and abilities of each child.
• should conduct constructive-simulation games, group dialogues.
• in the creation of educational material should be directly involved themselves trained.This greatly stimulate their interest in the subject under study.

addition, student-oriented educational technology must necessarily take into account the characteristics listed below:

• Throughout the sessions need to evaluate the psycho-emotional state of his players.
• maintain the highest level of motivation.
• Identification experiences of each child in the classroom on the proposed topic.Material must be submitted, focusing on the specific characteristics of each student group.
• In explaining the new, the unknown child of the term, it is necessary precisely to bring to him its meaning.Questions "Got it?" And nodding in the affirmative answer often indicate that neither the teacher nor his client is not interested in the real learning.
• with children should work consistently experienced psychologist, based on the recommendations of which built the entire educational process.Actually, personality-oriented educational technologies are not possible without working closely with each class of psychologists.
• The class need to make extensive use of the practice group, pair or individual work, abandoning used to refer to the class of "frontal" method.
• Do not forget about the different levels of perception of boys and girls.Simply put, in the work you should definitely take into account the gender dimension.This technology personality-oriented education are radically different from many teaching methods that are used in today's schools.
• Each topic should be discussed using a variety of teaching methods.This allows the child to learn better and fix stuff in memory.
• must use a scheme of self-evaluation and mutual learning material each student.
• necessary to organize the learning process so that the children appear confident in their abilities and skills.
• obligatory reflection at the end of each training: learners repeat what they have learned, the teacher told them about all the interesting moments.

classification concepts

What do you think, why the term "personality-oriented technologies" in education?More precisely, why talk about this concept in the plural?It's simple.It's actually a technology, there are several.In a table, we not only describe them, but also give a brief but comprehensive description of each species.So, what are their views?Person-oriented technology is divided into six main categories, which are described below.

basic variants of the learning process

Modern educatorswhich uses a technology student-centered interaction, immediately release the four main variants of the interaction itself.Each of them should "try on", as not every teacher can work equally well in all four directions.

humane and personal approach to child

In the center of the educational program, in this case there should be a set of personal qualities of each of the trainees you have children.At school there is only one specific goal - to awaken the dormant inner strengths and talents of the ward, apply them to the harmonious development of the young person.In this approach, the following ideas prevail:

• Personality placed "at the forefront."It depends on its particular characteristics of the whole educational process.Thus, personality-oriented technologies in the school suggested maximum friendliness of the learning process to the student himself.
• pedagogical relationship with the pupils should be as democratic.Teacher and student - equal partners, instead of master and slave.
• Say "No" as a method of direct coercion, which often gives a real positive effect in the long term.
• individual approach is not only welcome, but also is the main method that is used in teaching.
• In addition, student-oriented technologies (Yakimanskaya in particular) include the need to explain the child the concepts of "person", "individual freedom."

Didactic activating and developing complex

basic question: what and how to teach students?In this case, the actual content of the curriculum is only a tool for a dynamic and harmonious development of the ward, and not as the only goal of the school.Widely used positive stimulation students.It is necessary to adopt teaching methods that directly stimulate the children to learn something new.

Improving the educational process should be based on teaching ideas, which are described in the works of Rudolf Steiner, VF Shatalov, SN Lysenkova, P. Erdnieva, and other professionals who today are generally recognized "Underground"didactic method.

concept of education

In this case, the student-oriented educational technologies reflect the major trends prevalent in the modern school:

• school should not only be a source of knowledge, but also a means of educating the younger generation.In principle, it knew and Soviet teachers, but today about this important function somehow always forget.
• As in all the previous examples, the identity of the student is necessary to pay main attention.
• Sexuality education should be humanistic in adolescents should foster universal ideas of humanism and compassion.
• It is important to develop the creative abilities of every child without exception.
• schools in regional centers is necessary to pay attention to the revival of national traditions and customs of small nations, representatives of which live there.
• collective education must be combined with a personal touch.
• Objectives should be put on the simple tasks to complex, adequately assessing the abilities of each individual student.

pedagogization environmental

Historically, what the school has become perhaps the most important social institution, whose value is difficult to overestimate.Along with the family and social environment it is it is the most important factor that determines the further development of the individual.

results of this formation are determined by a combination of all three factors.Here we come to the meaning of this method, which, again, has long been used by experienced native teachers.We are talking about the extreme importance of interaction with parents and community organizations, as this will create the most favorable environment for the formation of personal qualities of the child.

Features work in preschool

As we have already noted, are also personality-oriented technologies in preschool.Of course, in this case it has its own specific features that must be taken into account in the process.

prevail today are high-tech, which are common in each layer of a modern society.The task of the teacher is that, even in kindergarten advantage of interactive educational technologies.This will immediately interest the kids, give them an incentive to the independent study of the proposed themes.

fundamental importance is the position of the child in the educational process.The provider must adhere to a simple belief: "Not there, not over it, and together!" The goal of this approach - in every possible way to promote the harmonious development of the personality self-sufficient, self-reliance, of getting rid of complexes, which greatly hinder the passage of the normal educational process.

main task of the educator in the kindergarten is the formation of a research kind of thinking in the child, the capacity for independent, conscious and efficient study of the world around him.It should be remembered that the main method of work should be educators, technology solutions some practical problems in an easy, playful way.You need to offer children some task that can be solved by means of interesting and exciting experiments.

main methods of work in kindergarten

What methods and techniques should thus be guided?Let's list them in detail:

• Conversations "heuristic type", in which children practice can verify the accuracy of teacher narrated material.
• solution of all the problematic nature of the emerging issues "on the fly", without tightening.Otherwise, the child may lose interest in the study subjects.
• Constant monitoring of the surrounding world.
• modeling processes that are constantly taking place in nature.
• Statement of similar experiments.
• All the results of experiments and experiments should be recorded in the form of colorful, detailed drawings.
• If possible, you need to bring to class quality handouts, include a recording of sounds of nature.
• provider must offer the learners imitate these sounds, themed games.
• Emphasis descriptions should be done on the development of artistic expression that allows precise and beautifully express their thoughts, do not stumble.So it has developed and correct diction, which is certainly useful to man, and in all subsequent periods of his life.
• Setting realistic situations that require their permission creative methods.
• Various labor exercises.

So we looked at what should be characterized by the correct use of personality-oriented technologies in modern educational institutions and kindergartens.