Ignorance of the laws of the lexical and syntactic compatibility often leads to verbal errors.They number a few stand out pleonasm and tautology.
Examples frequency of speech errors related to the lack of understanding of semantics and stylistic affiliation of words.First of all, it concerns paronyms and species pairs of verbs.Two words with similar sounds are often different from each other shades of lexical meaning and stylistic identity.The importance of distinguishing between these forms to convey meaning great.That is why the exam in Russian language includes a number of tasks that test basic knowledge of word usage and their compatibility.
Both terms - pleonasm and tautology - refer to the so-called verbal overkill, but these concepts are far from being identical.
tautology - is a kind of pleonasm.By pleonasm understood the use of words with a similar meaning within a single communication unit:
- The essence of the argument is the text of the thesis.
- person usually sleeps no more than eight hours of .
- employees receive a premium in the month of December .
Pleonasm extreme case is the use of words is not only close in value, but with the same root.Actually, this is a tautology, examples of which are found in large numbers in school essays and expositions, as well as in the speech of poorly educated people:
- back of the theater, we were under a torrential downpour .
- not there significant differences in the moral priorities of the world's religions.
- During the evening narrator us telling stories from his life.
But the language - it is a living, evolving organism, so it can not meet the simple set of schemes and rules.Sometimes the use of words having a semantic relationship is justified.Tautology examples of this kind hardly produce and pleonastichnyh, in fact, expressions entrenched in the language and become normative, there are many:
- due to a malfunction of the elevator had go down the stairs.
- Porcelain vase from China was the most valuable exhibit of the show .
- For the countries of people's democracy characterized by multi-party system.
Sometimes pleonasm and tautology writers used as a means of artistic expression.
The story of Anton Chekhov's "Unter Prishibeyev" read: "... drowned corpse of a dead man ... ».This pleonastichesky turnover writer uses to create a comic effect.Contains tautology famous aphorism Nikolai Gogol: "Bitter laughter my laugh ».
in oral folk art also found a tautology.Examples expressive repetitions can be seen in Russian folk tales, proverbs and sayings: «bitter sorrow", "the fairy tale", "lezhmya lie", "sydney sit» and so on.
As we can see, the role of pleonasm and its variants - a tautology - in the Russian language is ambiguous.The redundancy of speech, of course, in ordinary speech situation is inappropriate and considered rude speech errors.But the conscious use of the repetition of similar meaning and the same root word as stylistic reception in a literary text is acceptable.
