language can be compared with the designer in which the smallest Circuits form larger, and those in turn - sophisticated and intelligent design.Most small "cubes" or building blocks are the sounds of letters and letter displayed on the phoneme.This one put words, which then form phrases, sentences, text.Phonetics deals with the sounds.But the question of what vocabulary, lexicology studies.In turn, engaged in lexicography dictionaries, including the method of preparation.Thus, the vocabulary of the Russian language - it is the totality of all of his words, his entire vocabulary.It is believed that it is formed layers: it is possible to identify commonly used words and a limited use.Separately can be considered that such a vocabulary, for example, advertising, technical, medical, borrowed or outdated.Depending on how we assess the prospects of vocabulary, we can talk about the active and passive use.
In the first case it is the most commonly used words.By the way, for each such language is not so much.It is therefore considered that the mastery of a thousand words is able to provide 70% of understanding and communication.The vocabulary of an educated person is about several thousand (20-30 thousand) words.Among them are actively used in the daily life of only 4-5 and we are able to understand a lot more.
can analyze the vocabulary at this particular point in time.For example, the vocabulary of modern Russian language has its own group, but it is significantly different from the case of words, let's say, of the eleventh or fifteenth century.Consideration of the specific vocabulary of the time - a synchronic aspect.
In this case, you can select certain layers.In addition to the general division of common vocabulary and a limited scope of use, it can be seen, for example, in terms of emotional coloring.In this case stand out: neutral, emotive (emotional), sublime, poetic, familiarity, vulgar, obscene language.If words without emotional coloring may be used in all styles and in any situation of speech communication, the only inherent emotive speech.The books, of course, they can also occur, but as a means of expressing a linguistic personality.In the thesis, a report in the official documents is unacceptable to use vulgar or obscene language.
The vocabulary may be limited and geographically.In this case stand out so-called dialect, the word has inherent speak only certain areas.For example, "eggplant" - the word common, but the "little blue" these vegetables are called the inhabitants of the Kursk region, the Krasnodar Territory and the south of Russia.Youth slang words also operates a limited use - in this case a certain age group.Medical or computer vocabulary inherent specific professional layers.Engineers also operate the technical vocabulary.
If we look at what is the vocabulary with the diachronic point of view - that is, in history - we can identify a new (neologisms), date (historicism and archaisms) and the neutral group.The vocabulary is enriched by revenues from other languages.Responding to a question about what is the vocabulary in terms of origin, we call borrowed and native-Russian.And further it is possible to divide a word, taking into account the development: the majority of their fully taken root in the language.Say to us the word "book" and "pencil" are no longer strangers, but once they came from the Greek and the Turkish languages.If the word is not fully utilized, we speak of barbarism ("vindous") and exoticism ("sir", "torero", "lunch").
