territory of the Russian Far East - the geographical area, which includes the area of river basins that flow into the Pacific Ocean.They also include the Kuril, Shantarsky and Commander Islands, Sakhalin Island, and Wrangel.Further details will be described in this part of the Russian Federation, as well as some cities in the Russian Far East (the list of the largest will be given in the text).
population
territory of the Russian Far East is considered the most depopulated in the country.It is home to about 6.3 million. People.This represents approximately 5% of the total population of the Russian Federation.During the years 1991-2010 the residents decreased by 1.8 mln. People.With regard to the population growth rate in the Far East, in the Primorsky Territory, he -3.9, in the Sakha Republic - 1.8, the Jewish Autonomous Region - 0.7, the Khabarovsk Territory - 1.3, on Sakhalin - 7.8, in the Magadan region - 17.3, the Amur region.- 6, the Kamchatka region - 6.2, in Chukotka - 14.9.If the present trend of the population remains without Chukotka through 66 years, and Magadan - through 57.
Subjects
Russian Far East covers an area of 6169.3 thousand kilometers.This is about 36% of the entire country.Often referred to the Far East Baikal.This is due to its geographic location as well as the activity of migration.Administratively divided into the following regions of the Far East: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, the Jewish Autonomous Region, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory.As part of DFO also present Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.
history of the Russian Far East
in 1-2 millennium BC, the Amur region was inhabited by various tribes.The peoples of the Russian Far East today is not so different variety, as it was in those days.The population then consisted of Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, and so on. The main occupations of the population were fishing and hunting.The most ancient settlements of Primorye, which belong to the Paleolithic era have been discovered near Nakhodka area.In the Stone Age on the territory of Kamchatka settled Itelmen, Koryak and Ainu.By the middle of the XIX century, there began to appear Evenki.In the XVII century the Russian government began to expand Siberia and the Far East.1632 was the year of the foundation of Yakutsk.Under the leadership of the Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikova on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk cabin it was organized in 1647.Today, this place is the Russian port - Okhotsk.The development of the Russian Far East continued.So, by the middle of the XVII century explorers, and Khabarov Poyarkov came south from Yakutsk prison.On the rivers Amur and Zeya they encountered tribes who paid tribute to the Chinese Qing Empire.As a result, the first conflict between the two countries signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk.In accordance with the Cossacks it had to pass the Qing Empire region formed on the lands Albazinskogo province.Under the agreement, determined diplomatic and trade relations.The boundary of the agreement took place in the north along the river.Gorbitz and ridges of the Amur basin.Uncertainty remained on the field of the Sea of Okhotsk.Nerazgranichennymi were the territory between the ridges and Taykansky Kivun.By the end of the XVII century Russian Cossacks and Kozyrevsky Atlasov research was started Kamchatka Peninsula.In the first half of the XVIII century it was incorporated into Russia.
XVIII century
In 1724, on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Peter I sent the first expedition.He headed it Vitus Bering.Thanks to the work of researchers Russian science gained valuable information about the eastern part of Siberia.This, in particular, is a modern Magadan and Kamchatka regions.There are new cards were clearly defined, and the coordinates of the Far Eastern coast of the Strait, which was later named Bering.In 1730 it was created the second expedition.It is led by Bering and Chirikov.The objective of the expedition was to reach the shores of America.Interest, in particular, represented Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.Studies in Kamchatka in the XVIII century became engaged Chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.
XIX century
During this period began active development of the Russian Far East.This has greatly contributed to the weakening of the Qing Empire.In 1840. She was drawn into 1 Opium War.Military operations against the combined armies of France and England in the areas of Guangzhou and Macau require large material and human resources.In northern China remained virtually without a cover, and it took advantage of Russia.She, along with other European powers, took part in the section weakening of the Qing Empire.In 1850, at the mouth of the Amur landed Lieutenant Nevel.There he founded a military post.Convinced that the Qing government reeling from the effects of the Opium War and due to their actions flushed Taiping Rebellion, and, accordingly, can not give an adequate response to the claims of Russia, Nevel decides to declare the coast of the Tatar Prospect Island and the mouth of the Amur domestic holdings.In 1854, 14 May, Count Ants have data obtained from Nevelsk, the lack of military units in China, organized river rafting.The expedition was the steamer "Argun", 29 floats, 48 boats and about 800 people.During alloy were delivered munitions, troops and food.Part of the military went to Kamchatka Sea to strengthen the garrison of Peter and Paul.The rest were for sale on the Chinese territory of the former research plan Amur region.A year later, he organized the second alloy.It was attended by about 2.5 thousand people.By the end of 1855, the year in the lower reaches of the Amur organized several settlements: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoe, Irkutsk.In 1858 the right bank officially was annexed to Russia in accordance with Aigun contract.In general, it should be said that Russia's policy in the Far East had an aggressive nature.Agreement signed with other states without the use of military force.
Geographical location
the Far East of Russia in the extreme south of the border of North Korea, in the south-east of Japan.In the extreme north-east of the Bering Strait - the United States.Another State, which borders the Far East (Russia) - China.In addition to administrative, there is another division of DFO.So, the so-called isolated areas of the Russian Far East.This is a fairly large area.North-Eastern Siberia, the first of which approximately corresponds to the eastern part of Yakutia (mountain areas to the east of the Aldan and Lena).North Pritihookeanskaya country - the second zone.It includes the eastern part of the Magadan region., Chukotka Autonomous District, the northern part of the Khabarovsk Territory.To it also includes the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka.The composition of the Amur-Sakhalin countries are EAO Amur region., The southern part of the Khabarovsk Territory.Also, it refers Sakhalin Island and Primorsky Krai.In the central and southern part of Yakutia Siberia but its eastern part.
Climate
It should be said that the Russian Far East has quite a large extent.This explains the special climate contrast.Throughout Yakutia and Magadan regions of the Kolyma region, for example, is dominated by sharply continental.And in the south-east - monsoon type of climate.This difference is determined by the interaction of marine and continental air masses in temperate latitudes.To the south is characterized by sharp-monsoon climate and the sea, and for the north mussonoobrazny.This is the result of interaction of the land in North Asia and the Pacific.Special effects on the climate has Okhotsk Sea and Primorsk cold current along the coast of the Sea of Japan.Equally important in this area and has a mountainous terrain.In the continental part of the Far Eastern Federal District and frosty winter with little snow.
Features
Summer weather is quite hot, but relatively short.With regard to the coastal areas, there is the soft and snowy winter, spring and prolonged cold, warm and long autumn and relatively cool summers.On the coast are frequent cyclones, fog, typhoons and heavy incessant rains.The height of snow on the Kamchatka Peninsula can reach six meters.The closer to the southern regions, the higher the humidity.So, in the south of Primorye she often set at around 90%.Almost the entire territory of the Far East in the summer are long rains.This, in turn, causes the systematic flooding, flooding farmland and residential buildings.In the Far East, prolonged periods with sunny and clear weather.It is quite common and considered continuous rains for several days.Such diversity of the Russian Far East is different from the "gray" European part of Russia.In the central part of the Far Eastern Federal District there are dust storms.They come from the deserts of northern China and Mongolia.A significant part of the Far East is equated with either the High North (except for EAO, south of the Amur region., Primorsky and Khabarovsk).
Natural Resources
the Far East are large enough reserves of raw materials.This allows him to be on the leading positions in the Russian economy in a number of positions.Thus, the Far East in Russian production accounts for 98% diamonds 80% tin, 90% boron raw material, 14% tungsten, 50% gold, 40% seafood and fish, 80% of soybean cellulose 7% wood 13%.Among the major sectors of DFO should be noted extraction and processing of non-ferrous metals, pulp and paper, fisheries, forestry industry, ship repair and shipbuilding.
Branches
the Far East, the basic income bring forestry, fishing industry, mining, non-ferrous metal.These industries accounted for more than half of all commodity products.Weak development of processing are considered to be areas of activity.When exporting raw material losses to the region in the form of value added.The remoteness of DFO involves substantial transport margins.They are reflected in value terms of many economic sectors.
Mineral Resources
They Stocks Far East occupies a leading position in the Russian Federation.By volume is available tin, boron, antimony constitute about 95% of the total amount of those resources in the country.On fluorspar and mercury accounts for about 60% tungsten - 24%, iron ore, apatite, native sulfur and lead - 10%.In the Republic of Sakha, in the north-western part, it is diamond province, the largest in the world.Deposits "Aikhal", "Peace", "successful" make up more than 80% of the total reserves of diamonds in Russia.Proven reserves of iron ore in the south of Yakutia make up more than 4 billion. M. It is about 80% of the regional total.These reserves are considerable and in the Jewish Autonomous Region.In Yuzhno-Yakutsk and Lena basins are large deposits of coal.His deposits are also present in Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories, the Amur region.In the Republic of Sakha, Magadan region are open and developed ore and placer gold deposits.Similar deposits are found in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions.These same areas are developing deposits of tungsten and tin ore.Lead and zinc reserves are concentrated mainly in the Primorsky Territory.In the Khabarovsk Territory and the Amur Region is highlighted titanovorudnaya Province.Apart from these, there are also deposits of non-metallic materials.This, in particular, deposits of limestone, fireclay, graphite, sulfur, quartz sand.
geostrategic position
DFO has a great geopolitical importance for the Russian Federation.It has access to two oceans: the Arctic and the Pacific.Given the high rate of development of the Asia-Pacific region, integration of DFO is very promising for the fatherland.With a reasonable conduct of activities DV may be a "bridge" in the Asia-Pacific region.
Cities Russian Far East: For a list of
major metropolitan areas include Vladivostok, Khabarovsk.These cities are the Russian Far East are of great economic and geo-strategic importance for the Russian Federation.Very promising are Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk.Particular importance for the entire region Yakutsk.It should be noted that there are endangered towns.Most of them are located in Chukotka.This is due mainly to the inaccessible areas and harsh weather conditions.
