Probably not a man on earth, who at least once in my life seen a small, plump, painted in bright colors doll.Of course, we are talking about the Russian Matryoshka.In itself it is so positive that even the foreigners coming to Russia, considered mandatory matryoshka souvenir.Kind and cheerful round face is a smile, regardless of the mood.And yet few people know that this is not the folk toy.And when the Russian came up doll craftsman Vasily Zvezdochkin - almost no one guessed.
Developing Designer
How malyshnya rejoices when it picks up a wooden miracle!For children, this is not just a doll, but also a kind of a designer.After all, thanks to the peculiarities of Russian folk matryoshka develop children's thinking.
The secret lies in its structure.The fact that this doll - collapsible.It consists of two parts, disconnecting that you will see in exactly the same plump, only smaller.Sometimes these "clones" There are already 48 pieces!One can imagine the children's joy when found such a treasure - a lot of miniature toys.
In addition, experts believe that this form of supply trains the intelligence of the child, showing him that everything in life is going from small to big, and vice versa.
skill and finesse
Adults also affects turning finesse and artistic works, especially dolls with large attachments.After all, the smallest Russian matryoshka (pictures that accompany our life) sometimes no more than a few millimeters in height.Yet it is painted by hand.Similarly as large.
Despite the simplicity and unpretentious toys as soon as you take it in hand, you feel a part of the ancient Russian ethnos.An interesting fact is that the doll was invented and made recently.Although historians find it difficult to say when the Russian came up doll craftsman Vasily Zvezdochkin, found exactly what did this miracle in the 90s of XIX century.
legends around the story of the origin of
history of Russian nesting dolls, according to the common version, began in a workshop-store "Children's Education", owned by the family of A. Mamontov (brother of the world famous industrialist and art patron Savva Mamontov).There is a legend according to which, the wife of Anatoly Mamontov brought from Japan, where she traveled for a long time, an amazing action figure of a Japanese god Fukorokodzyu.In Russia it is called Fukuruma.Interestingly, in the words of the Japanese language does not exist, and, most likely, the name Fukuruma - this is the Russian version of the name of a Japanese god.Toy figure was an interesting secret.It is divided into two halves, and inside it was a small copy, and consist of two parts.
Co-authorship
Beautiful god admired the famous modernist artist Sergei Malyutin.Admiring gimmick, suddenly caught fire Malyutin interesting idea.To implement it, he drew turner Vasiliy Petrovich Zvezdochkin, hereditary Toy.Malyutin asked the master to make a small wooden disc, which was made in a matter of minutes.Passing the disc into the hands of the artist, Turner did not understand the meaning of undertaking.Wasting no time, Malyutin, choosing paint, painted wooden brusochek own.
What surprise Zvedochkina when he saw that the result is a tidy little girl in a peasant sundress with a cock in his hand.It consisted of two halves, inside of which was the same girl, but smaller.A total of eight pieces, each of them holding a different object.There were a sickle to harvest, and the basket and pitcher.Interestingly, the latter figure represented the most ordinary baby.
However, biographers, historians who have studied the activity Malyutina quite skeptical of this beautiful legend.Russian nesting dolls, pictures of which (at least sketchily) not found in the legacy of the artist, could not have been invented for the second.And to communicate with turner needed sketches and drawings.
Why matryoshka doll named
historians almost unanimously argue that the name Matryona - the most common in the villages of Russia in the late XIX century.It is possible that it was prompted the authors of the toy.And here's another suggestion: come up when the Russian doll, its name comes from the word "matron", ie. E. The mother of a large family.It is said that in this way the creators of the doll would emphasize the tranquility and kindness of his invention.And they gave her a very gentle and tender name.
another version
Sam Turner Toy argued that the first Russian matryoshka made by drawing out of a magazine.He drank a "dead" figure (ie it is not disclosed).Doll was more like a nun, and she looked hilarious.Taking figure, the master then put it on the painting artists.This version can also serve as a kind of answer to the question of when the Russian came up doll craftsman Vasily Zvezdochkin.
There is, however, likely that the figure actually painted Sergei Malyutin.Because at that time, he actively collaborated with the publishing house Mamontov and did illustrations for children's books.In other words, these two people were in the same time close enough to each other.However accurate version that came up with Russian nesting dolls craftsman Vasily Zvezdochkin, yet not.We only know that the doll has ancient roots.
As dolls put on stream
Mammoth liked the idea of folding a doll, and Abramtsevo, where his main workshop was soon established mass production.Photo Russian nesting dolls confirm that the first prototypes of folding the figures were rather modest.Girls "dressed" in a simple peasant dress, not particularly delights.Over time, these patterns are becoming more complex and brighter.
modify and nested figures.Vintage photo Russian nesting dolls show us that in the early twentieth century was considered the standard of local production of 24 toys, and in exceptional cases and 48 local ones.In 1900, the year closed shop "Children's Education", but does not stop the production of dolls.It moved to Sergiev Posad, 80 kilometers north of Moscow.
there a deeper meaning in the form of matryoshka
When thinking about possible prototype, which began with the history of Russian nesting dolls, then you need to go back to the figure of a Japanese god Fukurokudzyu.What is this god in Japanese mythology?The ancient sages believed that man has seven bodies: physical, etheric, astral, cosmic, nirvana, mental and spiritual.Moreover, each state had its own god body.Based on this theory, an unknown Japanese architect made his figure was "seven-seater."
seems to be full of similarities with known samples and photo Russian dolls?Indeed, instead of whether such motives he came Zvezdochkin and other masters, creating this amazing doll?Maybe they wanted to show the versatility of native Russian woman who all work on the shoulder?
enough to recall the various items that are holding each Russian matryoshka.The history of children would be very instructive.But this version is unlikely.Because the master himself Zvezdochkin never in my life did not recall any Japanese gods, especially with such complex titles.Well, it does not fit in with the Japanese prototype subsequent large "nesting" Russian dolls.The number of internal dolls measured in tens.So the story of the seven bodies of a Japanese god - probably just a beautiful legend.
Shaolin monks and matryoshka
Yet in eastern mythology, there is another character, whose descendants would become a Russian nesting doll.History offers available for the children and the monk Daruma.This is an analogue of the well-known Chinese folklore character Bodhidharma - the founder of the famous Shaolin Temple.
According to ancient Japanese legend, Daruma decided to achieve perfection in meditation.For 9 years he looked at the wall, his eyes, but soon realized that just sleeping.Then Daruma knife cut his eyelids and threw them to the ground.And some time later, a monk from the long sitting in one position numb hands and feet.That is why the figures with his picture and made armless legless.
However, the hypothesis of occurrence of Russian dolls in the image of Daruma very imperfect.The reason lies on the surface.The fact is that the Daruma doll and not folding is made like our dolls.Therefore, even though we see that similar customs, history of the origin of both the dolls is clearly different.
Make a wish and trust him matryoshka
interesting superstition connected with Daruma's eyes.They are usually portrayed on the doll is very large and without pupils.The Japanese are buying these figures and make a wish, it is sure to pass.In this painting the symbolic one eye.After a year, if the desire is fulfilled, the doll "open" and the second eye.Otherwise, the figure simply refers to the temple, from which it is brought.
Why so much attention to the ancient Japanese believed?The answer is simple.Besides that photo Russian nesting doll shows us the similarities, so also it conducted similar rites.It is believed that if put into the doll note with a wish, it will surely come.
interesting fact is that the quality of the desires directly depends on the complexity of the artistic dolls.The more "investments" matryoshka has, and the more powerful practitioners it is painted in bright colors, the higher the chances to get make come true hidden.
Yet ...
By the way, the history of collapsible doll is rooted in Russian history.Even in ancient Russia it was known to the so-called Easter eggs - artistically painted Easter eggs made of wood.Sometimes they were made hollow inside and laid back smaller egg.It seems that the Easter egg became indispensable attributes in Russian folk tales where death Kashchei necessarily in the egg, the egg in a duck and so on.
is strange to realize that Russian nesting doll, the image is presented in this article, it is shrouded in so many legends about its origin.However, this is true.Which once again proves that no matter who made the doll, and whatever he was guided in this case, this person (or group of artists) could hurt people for a living.It is only something that is very pleasant and constantly on the ear, is cluttered with so many fabulous suggestions.Russian nesting dolls - souvenirs that pleased and old and young.It's a fact.
Museum exhibits
Sergiev Posad organized the Toy Museum.There, among other things, exposed, and presumably the first doll.The one that painted in colorful sundress and with a cock in his hand.In her seven investments, t. E. All this doll Aft: top girl, then three sisters, a brother and sister with a three-toddler baby.Museum of Russian nesting dolls organized also in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, in Kalyazin, and so on. D.
But nesting dolls are so popular that in today's performance can be seen not only girl-beauty.Very interesting look cartoon characters, politics, all kinds of animals in the shape of a collapsible toy.
is sometimes said that the first doll was still 7 investments.Although the Zvezdochkin claimed that they made nesting dolls were three and six.In general, it is clear that we do not get to the truth.We will gladly consider on display in the windows of toys, when we know their history, fall in love even more.
