theme "Material costs" is probably one of the most entertaining in the field of finance.It is closely linked to the tax laws, more than attracting attention because they should not only learn, but just good to know.Talking about the cost of material resources, we will immediately present a large enterprise in the production process which you want to find out more.Why now and get started.
Accounting for material costs
Any enterprise, and especially manufacturing, use in their work a lot of different materials, raw materials, fuel and so on. D. Correct, competent reflection in the accounting of expenses for their acquisition maximizes minimize taxablebase when calculating the budget.
What this legislation says
composition material costs very clearly regulated by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, in particular, Article 254, Part. 2. It is stated that the material expenses include expenses of the taxpayer:
- Expenses reachingfor the purchase of raw materials, which are used directly in the production when a certain type of work or the provision of different services.
- Funds for packaging materials or any other kind of preparation or manufacturing of goods sold, including pre-sales.Also, the cost of other needs related to the economic part: carrying out test works, the implementation of quality control and maintenance, operation, plant and equipment and other objects.
- Expenditure on instruments, tools, equipment, devices, laboratory equipment, clothing, all kinds of personal and collective protection, as well as other types of property, provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
addition to the above, the consumption of material resources includes: the purchase of components for installation work, semi-finished products for further processing, the funds for fuel, water and energy of all kinds, its production, transformation and transmission, which involves the entire process of production.As well as the cost of work carried out by experts of the Organization of the taxpayer.
How to interpret
All the material resources available to the company are taken into account in terms of value.This includes all expenses except the cost of returnable containers.If it is listed separately in the contract, is taken into account at the price of possible use and VAT, which is noted in a separate account.Furthermore, the amount of material costs does not involve the return rates of waste, which according to the technology, are formed in the manufacturing process and can be further used for commercial purposes.
Leave materials in the production of
for faster start-up materials used in the manufacture of a limit-fence cards that belong to the category of primary documentation.In order to include the cost of materials used in the cost of primary production in the established time intervals on the basis of these documents is determined by their actual consumption.It is important to know that at this stage it is necessary to make a reconciliation, to find out whether each other real and material regulatory costs.
Accounting inventories
In large enterprises, utilizing a vast range of materials in the production of several types of products, for the write-off is advisable to use standard or coefficient method.This will not only more accurately determine the cost of various types of products, but also to identify discrepancies (deficit) of those or other material assets.One recommendation - inventory conducted periodically.Also, in the case of a long production cycle (for example, when purchased semi-finished products are used in several stages of the production process) is necessary to maintain the balance of the operational movement of parts in production, based on the principle of "the more, the better."
discrepancies between the normative and the actual consumption of materials, as well as analysis of the reasons for this position will minimize the costs, which ultimately have a positive impact on the overall financial condition of the company.And in the future will make it possible to competently build the entire production process, right to conduct pricing policy and, therefore, competent to take account of material costs, relying on the experience.
costs for tax purposes
should also pay attention to art.261 h. 2 of the Tax Code, according to which the material expenses should be classified as the means used to restore the land and carried out environmental activities.In addition, make on account of losses from damage and shortages during storage or transport of material and industrial stocks, funds, if they have exceeded the permissible norm of natural losses, set by the Government.This also relates Code of technological losses that occurred during the manufacturing process or the same transport.Thus, under such a loss meant the loss of goods, works, services due to the peculiarities of the production cycle, the issues of displacement, as well as the physical and chemical composition of raw materials used in the work.When mining, the work in the quarries, in underground mining within the mining companies to the lockable expenses plus the entire rank of mining and preparation.
important nuance
Considering the recommendation of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties, the material costs can be taken into account for tax purposes only when their payment.However, the cost of materials and components should be expensed at the moment of their transfer to the main production.Direct indication in the law it is not, but the recommendations of the Ministry, in practice, you need to listen very carefully.
