Every organism, population, there is a type of habitat - the part of the nature that surrounds all living things and it has any effect, direct or indirect.It is because it takes all the necessary organisms to exist, it is isolated, and the products of its life.Terms of habitat in different organisms are not the same.They say that a good one, then the other - death.It consists of a variety of organic and inorganic elements that affect a certain type.
Classification
There are natural and artificial habitat conditions.The first - the natural, existing initially.Second - created by man.The natural environment is divided into land, air, soil, water.There habitats and organisms inside used by parasites.
environment and living conditions
conditions of existence - those environmental factors that are vital to certain types of organisms.The minimum without which existence is impossible.These include, for example, air, moisture, soil, and the light and heat.This priority conditions.In contrast, there are other factors that are not as vital.For example, wind or atmospheric pressure.Thus, habitat and conditions for the existence of organisms - different concepts.The first - a more general, and the second - represents only those conditions without which a living organism or plant can not exist.
Environmental factors
These are all the elements of the environment that can influence - directly or indirectly - on living organisms.These factors cause the adaptation of organisms (or adaptive response).Abiotic - this effect of inorganic elements of inanimate nature (soil composition, its chemical properties, light, temperature, humidity).Biotic factors - forms of influence of living organisms on each other.Some species are food for others, serve for pollination and dispersal, have other effects.Anthropogenic - human activity is affecting the wildlife.Selection of this group is linked to the fact that today the fate of the Earth's biosphere is practically in the hands of man.
Most of these factors - habitat conditions.Some modifications in the process, while others are constant.Their change depends on the time of day, for example, the cooling and warming.Many factors (the same habitat conditions) play a major role in the life of some organisms, while others - perform a minor.For example, saline soil conditions is of great importance in the diet of minerals plants and animals - not so important for the same area.
Ecology
so-called science that studies the conditions of the environment of organisms and their relationship to it.For the first time, the term has been defined by the German biologist Haeckel in 1866. However, actively develop science has only 30 years of the last century.
Biosphere and noosphere
totality of all living organisms on Earth called biosphere.It includes people.And not only it includes, but also has an active influence on the biosphere itself, especially in recent years.So a transition to the noosphere (Vernadsky's terminology).Noosphere involves not only the rough use of natural resources and science and universal cooperation to protect our common home - the Earth.
Terms of aquatic habitats
Water is considered the cradle of life.Many of the existing animals on earth had ancestors who lived in this environment.With the formation of certain types of land out of the water and became first amphibians, and then evolved into the ground.Water covered a large part of our planet.Many organisms living therein - hydrophiles, i.e. not need any adaptation to the environment.
First of all, one of the most important conditions - this is the chemical composition of the aqueous medium.The various bodies of water, it's different.For example, salt regime of shallow lakes - 0.001% salts.In the fresh waters of large - up to 0.05%.Marine - 3.5%.The salt lakes of continental salt level reaches more than 30%.With increasing salinity impoverished fauna.Known reservoirs where no living organisms.
important role in environmental conditions play such a factor as the concentration of hydrogen sulfide.For example, in the depths of the Black Sea (below 200 meters) all uninhabited, except for hydrogen sulfide bacteria.And because of the abundance of the gas content in the medium.
are also important physical properties of water transparency, pressure, flow velocity.Some animals live only in clear water, muddy, and other approaches.Some plants live in stagnant water, while others prefer to travel over.
deepwater inhabitants of the absence of light and the presence of pressure - the overriding conditions of existence.
Plants
habitat conditions of plants are also determined by many factors: the composition of the soil, the presence of light, temperature fluctuations.If the plant is water - the conditions of the aquatic environment.Because of the vital - the presence in the soil of nutrients, natural watering and irrigation (for the crop).Many of the plants are tied to specific climatic zones.In other places they are not able to survive, let alone multiply and produce offspring.Ornamental plants, accustomed to a "hothouse" conditions require artificial habitat.In outdoor environments, they can no longer survive.
on the ground for many plants and animals relevant soil habitat.Environmental conditions depend on several factors.These include climatic zones, changing temperature, chemical and physical composition of the soil.On the ground, as well as on the water for some good one for the other - the other.But in general, the soil habitat gives shelter to many species of plants and animals that live on the planet.
