who was once on the Black Sea coast, not diving into the transparent gentle wave, not basked in the pebble beaches under the rays of the summer or autumn sun, he probably lost a lot!A warm as fresh milk, water, of course, we have repeatedly encountered the inhabitants of the Black Sea: the dangerous and not very much.About who lives in one of the most unique of the seas of the planet, read our article.
unique among
Black Sea and on the composition and the nature of colonization by living beings and vegetation is unique and quite distinctive.This depth is divided into two different zones.Up to a depth of 150, sometimes 200 meters, is there oxygen zone where inhabit the Black Sea.Anything below 200 meters - hydrogen sulphide zone, devoid of life and the volume of water mass is more than 85%.So accommodation is possible only where there is oxygen (less than 15% of the territory).
Who lives here?
inhabitants of the Black Sea - algae and animals.First - a few hundred species, the second - more than two and a half thousand.Of these, 500 - unicellular, 1900 - invertebrates, 185 - fishes, 4 species - mammals.
Phytoplankton
Black Sea ... its inhabitants - all sorts of algae: tseratsium, peridinium, eksuviella and others.In the early spring a peak growth of algae.Sometimes water seems to change color, becoming of turquoise blue and brown.This is due to the power division of plankton (algae bloom).Intensive breeding Rhizosolenia, hetotserosy, skletonema.While the mass reproduction of phytoplankton is dated to the beginning - the middle of summer.Among benthic algae Phyllophora be noted that more than 90% of the total weight.Phyllophora extended to the northwest.Cystoseira other algae, is more common in the southern shores of the Crimea.There is inhabited by many young fish, feeding and living among the algae (30 species).
benthic animals
Among the animals that live on the ground or in the ground floor of the sea (benthos) - various invertebrates: crustaceans and crabs, worms, rhizopod, sea anemones and mollusks.To apply to benthos and gastropods, for example, all known Rapana, and other inhabitants of the Black Sea.The list goes on: mussels, scallops, clams - elasmobranch.Fish: flounder, rays, sea dragon, ruff and others.They constitute a single ecosystem.And a single food chain.
Medusa
permanent inhabitants of the Black Sea - the jellyfish, big and small.Rhizostoma - large jellyfish are very frequent.The size of the dome it sometimes reaches half a meter.Rhizostoma toxic, it can cause injury similar to sting.They cause slight redness, burning, sometimes - blisters.To this big jellyfish with a slightly purple dome is not stung, you should take her hand to the side, holding the upper hand and not touching the tentacles.
Aurelia - the smallest jellyfish Black Sea.It is not as toxic as her brother, but still meet with her and to be avoided.
Shellfish
Marine inhabitants of the Black Sea - mussels, oysters, scallops, brine.These mollusks are edible and are the raw material for refined dishes.For example, oysters and mussels are bred specifically.Oysters are very hardy and can go without water for about two weeks.They can live up to 30 years.Their meat is considered a delicacy.
Media is less refined.Sometimes in a big shell pearl are usually pinkish color.Mussels - sea water filters.Thus they accumulate all that was filtered.Therefore, you can feast on them only under careful handling, and better to avoid eating mussels, which have grown in a port or in other places with highly contaminated water.
Marine inhabitants of the Black Sea - the scallops.This kind of shellfish can be moved in water using the reactive force.He quickly shuts the shell valves and transferred water jet at a distance of more than a meter.And still scallops has hundreds of useless eyes.But with all this, the clam - blind!These are the mysterious inhabitants of the sea.
The Black Sea is found Rapa.This mollusc is a predator and its prey - the same mussels and oysters.But it has a very tasty meat resembling sturgeon, from which turns an excellent soup.
Crabs
of them in the waters - Eighteen species.All of them do not grow large.The largest - krasnokory.But it is not more than 20 centimeters in diameter.
Fish
The Black Sea is home to about 180 species of all kinds of fish, including sturgeon, white sturgeon, anchovy, herring, sprat, mackerel, tuna, flounder, sculpin.Rarely swims swordfish.There is a sea horse, fish needle, gurnard, monkfish.
From commercial fish - mullet, of which three species, mullet, imported from the Sea of Japan and became the target species.Because of the number of highly contaminated water mullet has recently diminished.
Among the original copies - stargazer fish or sea cow.It digs deep into the mud, so that the surface was exposed to a mustache that resembles the appearance of a worm.Cirrus fish lures small fish and feed on them.
pipefish and horse spawn not in the water, and in the skin folds on the backs of males, where it is up to the withdrawal of fry.Interestingly, the eyes of these fish can look in different directions and to rotate independently of each other.
scad is distributed throughout the coastal waters of the sea.Its length - 10-15 centimeters.Weight - up to 75 grams.Living sometimes up to three years.It feeds on fish and zooplankton trifle.
Bonito is a relative of the mackerel.It reaches a length of 75 centimeters, lives up to 10 years.This predatory fish spawning and nursing in the Black Sea, the winter goes through the Bosporus.
Bulls are 10 species.The largest - martovik or toad.The most numerous - logs.
Zelenushek at sea - 8 species.They feed on worms and molluscs.During spawning equip nest between rocks.
Flounder, turbot is also found in the Black Sea everywhere.It feeds on fish and crabs.It reaches a weight of 12 kilograms.Presented and other flatfish.
stingrays - a relative of the shark.He eats crabs, clams, shrimp.It has a tail barbed needle provided with a poisonous gland.It is an injection to man is very painful, sometimes deadly.
Speaker, or grouper, are often caught in the spring and summer, when visiting these waters for spawning.It feeds on zooplankton.Weight perch barely reaches 100 grams.It is considered one of the main prey species anglers.
Gar - more than half the fish length, Sweep having an elongated beak.It spawns in May - August.Migratory and wintering in the Sea of Marmara.
bluefish refers to predatory fish and gregarious.It weighs up to 10 kilograms, a length of up to a meter.The body of a fish with elongated sides.The mouth is large, with large jaws.It eats only fish.Previously he considered fishing.
Sharks
Katran (or dogfish) rarely grows up to two meters.A cat shark (stsillium) - more than a meter.These two species of sharks, leading to the Black Sea, for a person not present any danger.But for many species of fish is cruel predators.The meat of sharks (and their livers and fins) are used to prepare various dishes of the Black Sea cuisine.Liver katrana make drug blocking the reproduction of cancer cells.
Katran has streamlined body, crescent-shaped jaws and sharp teeth, arranged in several rows.His body was strewn with small but sharp prickles (hence the nickname - spiny dogfish).Katran - viviparous fish.The female gives birth to a time before the 15 juveniles small size.Holds and feeds katran flocks.In spring and autumn - close to the beach in the winter - in the depths.
inhabitants of the Black Sea - Dolphins (toothed whales)
total of these three types of waters.The largest - the bottlenose dolphin.Slightly less - common dolphins.The smallest - porpoises, and harbor porpoises.
Bottlenose Dolphin - is the most common occupant of dolphinariums.For this kind of science is of great importance.It studied bottlenose dolphin scientists around the world for the presence of mind.They - born circus.Bottlenose dolphins gladly perform a variety of tricks.The impression is that they really have a reason.It is not even training, but some cooperation and understanding dolphins and humans.Bottlenose dolphins only understand the affection and encouragement.The punishment does not perceive at all, then any trainer cease to exist.
Bottlenose Dolphin lives up to 30 years.Her weight sometimes reaches 300 kilograms.Body length - up to two meters.These dolphins are well adapted to the aquatic environment.The front fins act as rudder and brakes simultaneously.The tail fin - a powerful propeller that allows to develop decent speed (over 60 km / h).
Bottlenose dolphins have acute vision and hearing.They feed on fish and shellfish (eat up to 25 kilograms per day).Can hold his breath for more than 10 minutes.They dive to a depth of 200 meters.The body temperature of - 36.6 degrees, as in humans.Breathe dolphins, occasionally lifting the outside air.Ill actually the same diseases as humans.Sleep bottlenose feet from the surface, under water, periodically opening his eyes.
Lifestyle dolphins - gregarious and family (up to ten generations together).The head of the family - the female.Males are kept separate clan, showing interest to females generally only during mating.
Bottlenose dolphins have enormous power.But a person it is usually not used.With people Dolphins maintain the most friendly relations like brothers on reason.Throughout the long history of the relationship between man and the dolphin was not seen any attempt to offend the "big brother".But people often violate the rights of dolphins, putting them on the experiments, was imprisoned in the dolphinarium.About
language is written a lot of dolphins.We will not say, as some scholars that he is richer human speech.However, it contains a huge range of sounds and gestures which allows still talking about a dolphin mind.And the amount of information that they can transmit and large (more than human) brain - what hard evidence.
remains to add that of mammals are found in the Black Sea seals, but recently there has been very little because of the harmful human activity.
On land
Not only the residents of the sea and feed on the human race seafood.Some species of birds living on the ground, get their food in the water.The inhabitants of the land, producing food in the sea - gulls and cormorants it.They feed on fish.Cormorant, for example, can perfectly swim and dive, eating large amounts of fish, even when full.Features allow his throat to swallow a rather large prey.Thus, the birds - the main inhabitants of the land, producing food in the sea Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Crimea.
Black Sea: the dangerous inhabitants
Not all vacationers and tourists coming to the shore of the Black Sea, know that bathing in water can trap and danger.They are connected not only with the storm warnings and pitfalls, but also with some representatives of marine fauna.
scorpion fish, sea urchins, or refers to such unpleasant surprises.Her whole head is studded with thorns, and on the back - spiny fin dangerous.Take up skorpenu not recommended, as its spines are poisonous and bring quite unpleasant, although short-term pain.
stingrays (sea cat) also poses a risk, sometimes even deadly to humans.At the tail of the animal bone spike is greased with poisonous slime.This spike causes sometimes jagged lacerations, long time to heal.Also from the injection ramp may begin vomiting, muscle paralysis, quickens the heartbeat.Sometimes death occurs, so be careful.
Another seemingly unremarkable in appearance, fish - sea dragon - is dangerous for a person more likely.At first glance it could be mistaken for an ordinary bull.But on the back of the fish is spiny fin is very poisonous.Prick equivalent snakebite.In some cases, it may be fatal.
Medusa Rhizostoma and Aurelia, who inhabit the Black Sea - dangerous for human inhabitants.Their tentacles are equipped with stinging cells.This could cause burns (as from nettles and more), leaving traces of a few hours.So it is better not to touch the jellyfish - even to the dead, cast ashore on pebble.
No sharks or other species of animals and fish are not dangerous for people in the waters of the Black Sea.So bathe safely, arriving at the famous Black Sea resorts of Crimea and the Caucasus, respecting, of course, reasonable care!
