Slozhnosokraschennye words - a kind of abbreviations, which are formed by the initial elements of each title.Simply put, if the phrase "local committee" to lay down the first few letters of each word you get "local committee".This is one way of reducing long names, which is commonly used in the Soviet Union and remains popular to this day.
slozhnosokraschennye What words?Examples: samizdat Cultural enlightenment, the Ministry of Defense, Gosstandartmetrologiya, social security, collective, educational program.
There are several rules that define how to write, and used certain words slozhnosokraschёnnye.
Spelling
- slozhnosokraschёnnye all words are written together.Examples: local committee, wall newspaper, Mosodezhda.
- Each part to get the word spelled the same way as it would be written in the original word.Thus, between these two parts can not stand the letters "b" and "b".On the other hand, the soft sign is written at the end of the if it is after the letter "a", "o", "y", "E" (for example, kostutil).
- At the beginning of the second part is not written "s": Gospolitizdat, Pedagogical Institute.
- «e" after consonant is written only if it starts with the original word: Mosenergo, NEP.
uppercase and lowercase letters
- Slozhnosokraschёnnye words are always written in small letters if the first contraction of the words is not a proper name: worker correspondents, cultural work, work clothes.
- Abbreviations not read the names of the letters and the sounds are written in small letters: Regional Department of Education, high school, bunker.
- slozhnosokraschennye If words mean the name of the organization or institution, they are written with capital letters: the Moscow City Council, the regional gas companies.
Writing abbreviations
Abbreviation slozhnosokraschёnnye like the word, but, unlike them, formed only the first letters of each component.For example, the Ministry of the Interior - Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- If all read the abbreviation of the names of the letters, then it is written in capital: the USSR, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Committee, MTS, the CPSU.
- written all in capital letters cut, if it is the name of the organization.For example: the EEC (European Economic Society), MFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), the UN (United Nations).
- If the abbreviation can be inclined, the end of it is written in small letters: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, TASS.
- If one part of reduction is read by the sounds, and the other - by letter, the entire word is written in capital: CDSA (read "tse-te-sa").
- If declining a proper name, while one of the words is truncated to a few letters, and the rest - to one, then great is written only the first letter: Azerbaijan SSR.
Eating literature
slozhnosokraschёnnye Almost all words are intended for use in speech, but not in the literature.But there are a few common abbreviations that can be used in all the literature, except for the one that is designed for beginning readers:
- t. N. - Like
- etc. - Other
- others. - Other
- cm. - See
- t. e. - ie
- t. e. - etc.
- Wed.- Compare
- of - year
- years.- Year
- eg.- For example in
- .-
- century art.Art.- Old style
- m. - Including
- centuries.- Century
- min.- Volume
- region.- Area
- n.e.- AD
- Lake.- Lake
- city - the city
- p.- River
- Well.d. - Railway
- n.Art.- New style
- Assoc.- Associate
- Acad.- Academician
- prof.- Professor
- page. - Page
- them.- Name
- c.- Citizen
other words reduced by a few rules:
- can not reduce a vowel and "b": Karelian - "a.", "Car.", But not "ka." "Square." "Karelia. ".
- When doubling consonants reduction should be done after the first of them: the wall - "the wall." Grammar - "gram.".When the coincidence of several different consonant the opposite rule applies: the reduction made to the last consonant.For example, people's - "the People." Russian - "Russian." Artificial - "Art.".
