Pleonasm - a special figure of speech in which there is duplication of certain elements of meaning.In other words, in terms may occur more language forms with the same value.This phenomenon may be present in the finished part of the text or speech, and the linguistic expression.
Pleonasm, examples of which can be found in everyday conversation, is an implementation of the trend towards redundancy posts, which, in turn, helps to overcome the interference to the proper understanding of the message (for example, communicative noise).In addition to preventing the negative impact of interference pleonasm it is a means of communication and stylistic stylistic device of poetic speech.Sometimes it is a linguistic anomaly, redundancy when competing with the economy of language means.This is called a tautology and pleonasm indicates a low semantic and stylistic competence of the speaker.For example, a security guard - is the one who guards and security - employment security guards.
The structure pleonasm (examples clearly show this) is a duplication unit content of the plan, carried out by means of the repeat units of a certain plane of expression (replication, a tautology) or using items with similar value (verbosity, synonymous repeat).He is opposed to reducing the content of the plan - ellipsis, default or breakage.Often called pleonasm reduplication - repetition of a word or morpheme that is the means of molding and derivation.
Pleonasm divided into mandatory, steady figure of speech, due to the system of language and optional, are not caused by it.In turn, the optional Pleonasm divided into conventional (fixed norm for the language) and unconventional (created by the speaker or writer spontaneously).
If we talk about the concept of "mandatory pleonasm", examples of his presence in the grammatical system.They are a repeat certain grammatical meanings in the endings:
- harmonization of adjective and noun endings: Red House;
- repeated grammatical meanings of preposition or verb prefix: enter the premises;
- grammatical constructions with a double denial: nobody called.
Conventional optional Pleonasm include steady pace and phrases common in everyday speech.These include, for example, expressions such as "go down", "heard with my own ears," "a dream in a dream," "path of the road" and many others.Often this group include such combinations as "chock-full", "multitudes", "abysmal."In addition, here can be attributed to a combination of the same root verb and noun, "a story to tell", "grief grieve," "live life."
unconventional optional pleonasm (examples: "remember in my head", "mouth to speak," etc.) are used to create a specific stylistic effect.This trail is often found in poetic speech.
Where pleonasm not part of the language and is created specifically for artistic expression, its use is considered to be a stylistic mistake and condemned.The abundance of pleonasm - talk feature poorly educated man, which is the result of a lack of ownership by means of language or vocabulary of poverty.
