At the beginning of a conversation that could even slightly affect the characteristics of the modern world, it is necessary to define the terminology.There are two essentially different from each other by way of capitalist production: capitalism is the central (ortokapitalizm, from the Greek - a genuine, straight line) and peripheral capitalism (parakapitalizm, from the Greek - about).Socio-economic formations differ accordingly: ortokapitalisticheskaya and parakapitalisticheskaya.
World historical space
Separation global historical space took shape by the beginning of the twentieth century.Boundaries are basically the same with the division of the international capitalist system into two opposing historical world: one of them - the Western world ortokapitalisticheskaya system, the other - the country's periphery, where there was parakapitalizm.
Following vector of today's modern world, Russia included in the dependent periphery of the system at the end of the nineteenth century, together with many other countries, which formed parakapitalizm.
Distinctive features of the modern world - is a process of substitution of the internationalization of globalization.Creating a world of organisms in the historical society - this internationalization.But globalization creates a common socio-historical body.The scale of this process - fully all mankind.
sociohistorical body, whose birth we are witnessing now is class, because there are in a schism.Ortokapitalichtichesky center, exploiting the periphery - the Western countries.Operated peripherals - rest of the world.Features of the development of the modern world is entirely dependent on the characteristics of the processes of the division.It is a global class war we are seeing at the moment.
independence under threat
instrument of the ruling class is the global machinery of state, which dictates the formation and inevitable.The dominance of the western city center and the denial of real political and economic independence of all sociohistorical organisms on the periphery - especially the modern world.
Globalization implies that if the Western countries to loss of use of the rest of the world, they will certainly destroy capitalism.They have no choice.If both forms of capitalism - and the central and peripheral - perish comes time to build a society fundamentally different type.
Perhaps it will be a society without private property and exploitation of people with each other.Perhaps it is one - without division of the center and the periphery.Such a turn of events can be predicted by analyzing the processes of development and characteristics of the modern world.
Globalization: general trends
system of international relations is characterized by profound changes at the turn of XX-XXI centuries.Globalisation is progressing as a set of geo-economic, geopolitical and geogumanitarnyh phenomena with a powerful influence on the life of the countries that are involved in this process.Changes occur in all areas of public life: social, economy, ideology, politics, culture, the environment and the way of life.
points of view on what is happening and sharply progressive globalization ambiguous, even diametrically opposed.Some see a serious threat to the world economic system, while others anticipate the progress of the economy and the overall flourishing of humanity, and means for this is called globalization.
globalization transforms the space and time of human coexistence.The space is compressed, time pressed, borders, both geographical and inter-state, becomes transparent.The individual feels himself to what is going on away from his location, even if on the other hemisphere of the planet.
More stories about the term and the concept
American economist Theodore Levitt in 1983 coined the term "globalization" in the description of the merger of markets for products derived TNCs (transnational corporations).Also, the emergence of the term is credited to the American sociologist Richard Robinson.
However, generally accepted definition of the phenomenon of globalization unified modern world science has not yet developed.The wording of a purely descriptive or mutually exclusive.
development of the global market makes economic nationalism is meaningless.While it is not revealed what globalization is and what are the features of the current changes in the world as its progress: the objectivity of the spontaneity or spontaneous, and perhaps - organization, focus and bring all countries to a certain standard.
internationalization of the economy in the first globalization - the highest degree of interdependence of all economic entities.The second - an increase of productivity and competitiveness due to higher growth in information volume and quality of knowledge and technology development.
That is, along with the process of the merger of national economies into the global system, the process of globalization - is the emergence of mankind as an integral structure.The third interpretation of the term - a way to update the global order.
In any case, the political, economic, social and cultural spheres of different countries tend to merge, as the growing interdependence of nations, and the global social body gradually becomes one.These are the features of the modern world - social science, studying globalization, enjoys a whole set of disciplines, closely linking them.
Globalization and localization
relative scale of globalization, they also occur within individual civilizations and between different civilizations, this process covers the whole world, is gradually spreading effect on all new territory and all the great mass of people.Political features of the modern world - globalization.10th grade at each school studies the policy as a social phenomenon.And now, all of it works on globalization.
But every action has a counteraction, therefore, along with the globalization there are other features of the modern world.Social Studies, summarizing observations of sociology, political science and philosophy, says that watching the process of globalization can be clearly seen and manifestations of localization in the form of consolidation on the basis of ideology as ethnic and civilizational entities.So there are cases of cultural isolation of individual subjects of the global body.
integrity of the system of the world
Globalization, of course, the process is global.Increasing interdependence of national economies, growing exchange of services, goods, technology, finance, joint problem solving - food, environmental, migration, demographics - all features of the modern world view.
However, globalization can not be limited to simple growing interdependence of the economic interests of individual countries.It brings together all areas of society, gradually transforms the world in the space of a single zone - the military-political, financial, informational, cultural and social.It's easy to move information, goods, ideas, technologies and investments.
Features of communication in today's world, characterized by greater availability of all connections and direct the development of the world community to the system of absolute integrity.Globalisation - an objective process, prepared all the stages of development of the world economy.However, it is influenced by all sorts of subjective factors.
The main features of globalization
World economic, political, cultural integration and unification - that features the modern world.The table shows the main features of globalization.
| The main features of globalization | Expected result |
|
|
perceive and evaluate the processes of globalization can be different.As a rule, to welcome them in the developed world and the developing world seriously feared.After all, nation states no one is canceled and they do not die, and the idea of global capitalism is simply not feasible.Countries with weak economies simply further limit the possibilities, because now they are included in the global economic process under the condition of complete submission to the requirements of multinational companies.Again, these are features of the modern world.Briefly summarizing, we will show by example that occurs as a result.
example, Greece is not allowed to export to the European Union's famous olive oil, moreover, it is forced to buy the Dutch tomatoes, peppers and onions.Because the Dutch vegetables cheaper, even worse, and they are allowed to be exported.What the residents of sunny Greece to accept the purchase vegetables from the north of the country - you can imagine.But the important thing is that Greece's economy does not win in this alliance is absolutely nothing.
Global problems
Global problems are varied, but have a common specific character with a number of common features.
- problems of global nature, that is relevant to the interests and the fate of all mankind.
- threat to human civilization.
- problems that need urgent solution.
- Problems interconnected.
- problems requiring joint action by the international community.
For example, the problems of poverty, underdevelopment, disarmament, prevention of nuclear war, food, energy and raw materials, natural resources, environment, population, human development - especially the modern world.Social Studies briefly formulates the human problems, integrating them into three groups.
- intersotsialnye problems: the arms race, the backwardness of certain countries, security, and so on.
- socio-demographic problems: poverty, population growth, disease, food and so on.
- socio-environmental problems: raw materials, space exploration, pollution and so on.
Humanity is no absolutely reliable means of preventing disasters on a global scale.And the threat is constantly increasing due to the action of various social mechanisms and structures of society.For example, international terrorism clearly requires a struggle against it the entire world community.Features of communication in the modern world already allow productive work in this direction.
problem of choice
Many believe that globalization will benefit rich countries and ultimately ruin the poor.Maybe so.The fate of all of humanity now depends on have not found neglobalisticheskogo planetary project.Confront Globalization can help create local inter-state and international formations.
Perhaps they create today's world leaders, such as China, India, Latin America and, of course, Russia.They face the task of creating a common planetary integrity, and the integrity of the need to form so as to preserve the national characteristics and uniqueness of traditions of each nation.The task for the high spirit!
Global cataclysms occur most often due to a lack of analysis of genetic and historical roots of each nation, separate economic systems, as well as all global economic environment require a more thorough examination of their ontological structure.
Each country bears the own national genetic code, which must be used in the preparation of plans for a joint global strategy of survival.Of course, this strategy, based on the economic structure, the basis of national building material, should ensure the constant movement of the economy up.
development of the economy of each state affected by globalization, economic growth takes on a universal character because of its constituents not only economic and technological, but also spiritual, and cultural.Features of communication in the modern world allow interpenetration of any plan.
However entirety the global economy is unlikely to become universal.Therefore, you should make the opposite effect - to adapt the general globalization and economic institutions of different countries.Tradition can not prevent the emergence of globalization, they only help to avoid fomenting world conflicts on ethnic grounds.
can observe how successfully developed China's economy, although they were able to keep all the traditional institutions.The idea of a new imperial was quite viable, besides being a very real alternative to saving the entire western globalism and orientation to the unipolar world.
about Russia - a special word.Globalization processes and the impact on it, and it will only make a historic choice.It is of particular importance because it was then, and will be decided the fate of the Russian state and the peoples living on its territory, and to a large extent - the whole future of the planet.
