each ethnic group destined to pass its way of becoming overcome difficult times or suffer persecution.But even without prosperity in varying degrees, it never does any one era.The history of Bashkortostan is no exception.There were people on the path of joy and sorrow, victory and defeat, glory and shame.What narrate numerous epics, which told about Batyrov and other significant personalities of the past.Of course, modern Bashkortostan - quite a successful republic, part of an autonomous republic of the Russian Federation (Urals Economic Region).But it was not always.Monuments of the Republic of Bashkortostan "tell" about its centuries-old traditions.
Background
Bashkirs as an ethnic group has been formed in the I th. N.e., and from the tenth century, their territory began to spread Islam, to which later was destined to play a crucial role.It is religion that has greatly contributed to the preservation of the identity of the people, let assimilation, especially when taking into account the fact that the Bashkirs constantly unusually "lucky" to live in the vicinity of the Golden Horde, and the Khazar Turkic khanate, Bulgarskim Khanate.This is a rather negative impact on the political unification of separate Bashkir tribes.Recent constantly at odds with each other and neighboring peoples.
However, the time has come and it's time to strife ended.From the middle of the XVI century the history of Bashkortostan flowed a different course - people passed into Russian citizenship, under the care of the Emperor Ivan the Terrible.On the one hand, this made it possible to stop the infighting and relatively normal development.However, the land of the Bashkirs began to actively move other people, including Tatars, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordvinians.Of course, just do Russian and Ukrainians, as well as other inhabitants of the vast country, too, began to explore new territory.
actively Bashkirs were noted in the wake of the most senseless and merciless Russian revolt of 1773-1775.This was reflected not only in the rich folklore, but also gave her a national hero - Salavat Yulaev, which is considered one of the companions of the leader of the peasant uprising Pugachev.
Later was Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Republic (1920).It became one of the most important industrial centers (chemical and petrochemical industry) in the USSR.With the collapse of the latter, it gradually transformed into the Republic of Bashkortostan with its Qurultay, t. E. A bicameral parliament and president.The capital is the city of Ufa, founded in 1574 on the site of an ancient settlement of the indigenous ethnic group.Map of Bashkortostan includes 54 administrative districts.Among them, 21 cities and 4434 villages.The population exceeded 4 million people, a third of all living in Bashkortostan are concentrated in Ufa and Ufa area.
variety of historical and cultural monuments of Bashkortostan
Of course, such a long and difficult path of development could not be reflected in the sculptures and the evidence of past eras.Today in Bashkortostan under state protection is about two thousand different kinds of monuments of architecture, art, culture and archeology.
most famous monuments of Bashkortostan (list):
- first Mosque.
- Monument to Salavat Yulaev and Alexander Matrosov.
- Aksakov People's House.
- Mausoleum (tomb) Bendebike.
- Cave Shulgan-Tash.
- the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin.
National Parks and Reserves are known far beyond the borders of the republic and has consistently attracted new visitors.
Silent cultural monuments of Bashkortostan, displaying these or other processes taking place in the society, can often tell a lot more than even archival documents.Their value is indisputable from every point of view.This fully applies to places of worship, which reflect the spirit of the ethnic group.This is especially true for such different national and multi-religious association, which is the Republic of Bashkortostan.
the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin
Ufa This temple, which was built in 1903-1909 years., Was originally a three-storied brick building with a bell tower and dome of one dome studded with iron wood.This church was destined to survive the difficult years after the revolution, but in the end it still was closed and placed under room air workshops.In the future, there is a movie theater opened, disfiguring the room beyond recognition.Only already at sunset era of the Soviet Union, in 1991, the church returned to the diocese.Reconstruction of the Nativity of Our Lady Cathedral lasted for 15 years, but building a sky-blue color with gold domes and beautiful painting has become the most capacious Orthodox church in the capital.
first Mosque
Culture of Bashkortostan carries a vivid imprint of the East.An example of this - first built the Great Mosque of 1830, which originally was a stone building with a single minaret.Later it was rebuilt several times.The mosque was one of the biggest in pre-revolutionary Russia, and the arrival of its numbered nearly a thousand people.In addition, when it acted madrassas and Russian-Bashkir two-year college.For 30 years (1960-1991). Only the mosque did not stop its activities in Ufa.
Mausoleum Bendebike
Bashkortostan monuments include the tomb, which allegedly ended earthly way of the great woman - Bendebike.It is, thanks to its exceptional wisdom and reason, has managed to put an end to war between the Bashkirs and Kazakhs.This building is in the form of an octahedron with a dome of bricks in two colors - gray is a major, and red Christmas ornament made.
noteworthy that Bendebike not Hanshi or ruler.She just influential wise woman of noble birth, who listens to the advice of all the tribal chiefs.Her name is revered not only Bashkirs, but also the neighboring peoples, as the fame of her wisdom was great.About her and her husband piled several legends and tales.
Aksakov People's House
Monuments of History and Culture of Bashkortostan also represented one of the most interesting in terms of architecture, building, built in 1909-1920 years.As can be seen from the name, the People's House was dedicated to the memory of the outstanding literary figure of Sergei Aksakov, and the project construction was even a competition in Russia.Money collected across Ufa.The construction was more than 10 years, but the result was worth it - even after almost a century Aksakov House looker with its unique architecture.It weaved several styles: Russian Classicism, Baroque and East Asia, with long window slits.This building is worthy to embody the image of the multinational Republic, which peacefully coexist both Russian and Bashkir.Since the late 30s is a theater of opera and ballet, but the important thing is that a few years ago Aksakov house regained its old name.
difficult to imagine a nation that had not honored their heroes and sought to maintain expensive names in centuries.And the warriors on the territory of modern Belarus was always a great variety.Therefore, historical and cultural monuments of Bashkortostan - is a reminder of national heroes, forget that it is not possible.
Salavat Yulaev
Where else placed his monument is not at the highest point, as if protecting residents from all evils?Monument to Salavat Yulaev - is not just a unique and the largest equestrian statue in Russia, but also a national asset, it is proud of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Three decades took sculptor Soslanbek Tavasieva out to recreate the image of the hero, who went against the will of Catherine the Great.And instead to fight on the side of the government, joined the rebel Pugachev.
The cast of bronzed iron, Salavat Yulaev captured at a crucial moment of decision about the transition to Pugachev.It is like calling to follow him, thereby tacitly telling new generations of inhabitants of Bashkortostan the power of the human spirit and the importance of freedom of choice.
Alexander Matrosov
memory of the heroes living among the people.It was so memorable millions of Alexander Matrosov - 19-year-old ordinary soldiers of the 2nd Infantry Battalion separate, cold February day obscuring his body a German machine gun.According to one version, he was born because of Bashkiria.Therefore we established in Ufa in the 6 th anniversary of the Victory bronze statue, depicting Matrosov in cape with a gun on a pedestal of pink marble - for the edification of posterity.
monument naked Mikhail Alexandrovich
monument to the founder of Ufa - a relatively new monument.It is set just 7 years ago.He portrays the governor, who is credited and the start of construction of the city.Today there is a monument in the village of the eighth of March, on the outskirts of the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan.However, there is hope that over time, this monument will take its place alongside other national heroes.
Friendship Monument
friendship between the Russian and the Bashkir people more than 450 years, but the beginning of Ivan the Terrible put it back in 1557.He took under his wing, suffering from civil strife and tyranny Golden Bashkirs.And to this day they are in the Russian Federation.Thus began a new era and culture of Bashkortostan.After four centuries, in 1957, the memory of this event decided to perpetuate, creating Friendship Monument.The monument is in the form of the blade without a handle (height 35 meters).Two women with a laurel wreath in their hands, are located on either side of the blade, represent the Bashkir and Russian peoples, and Laurel "speaks" the eternal and unbreakable friendship between them.
Monument to the heroes of the October Revolution and the Civil War
tragedy of any military action in the country is that the revolt against each other not only yesterday's friends and blood relatives.For Russia, the most woeful of steel in this respect during the Civil War and the Great October Revolution.
For nearly 40 years ago in Bashkortostan in memory of the heroism of the national monument was erected, dedicated to the participants of the events.On the pedestal is home to several figures: a Red Army soldier with a gun, a blacksmith with a hammer, an ordinary farmer, in whose hands instead of the usual agricultural tools froze gun.These characters, which are intended to symbolize a certain population group, closed a mortally wounded soldier elderly, like children close father.This underlines the unity of the people in the struggle for their rights.
memorial "Grieving Mother»
feature of this monument is that it is dedicated to all the soldiers who died while taking part in numerous local conflicts from 1951 to 2003. The monument is a bronze figure of a mother who covers her face, as ifI am deeply saddened by the loss of their children.Nearby are two black granite stele on which are engraved the names of the fallen.
The legacy of nature
Monuments of History and Culture of Bashkortostan does not involve such a complete picture, if they are not complemented the gifts of Mother Earth.In total in the country there are more than a hundred different attractions of nature.
Bashkir State Nature Reserve
uniqueness of this area is that it emphatically is divided into two halves: one - in an array of South Krakow, built of heavy plutonic rocks with a high content of metal, the other - Ural-Tau - consists of a softer.The reserve - a unique natural complex, which is famous not only an incredible mix of different species of flora, but also relics that could keep here for thousands of years.
National Park "Bashkiria»
Its territory covers about 82 hectares, where you can find various kinds of rare animals and plants.Some of them are listed as endangered.In addition, there are arranged, and such natural monuments of Bashkortostan as karst bridges, Bear's clearing, tract Kutukov-Sumgait.
State Nature Reserve "Shulgan-Tash»
Natural monuments of Bashkortostan include a protected area, located between the rivers White and Yuryuzan.In addition to rare species of plants, animals, birds and fish, it attracts cave Shulgan-Tash (Kapova cave).This archaeological monument of world significance, which was once the site of ancient people as evidenced by preserved rock paintings and ornaments.
Natural Park "Muradymovskoe Gorge" is notable for the fact that it survived the cave, where thousands of years ago lived the first inhabitants of the Urals.Total in this natural area is located more than forty objects, including Most Labirintovaya cave, ice, and Novo Staromuradymovskie.Parking our ancestors found in the grotto Pigeon.
modern Bashkortostan - absolutely charming region, preserve the unique, relict nature, diluted national color.This is the place that it is impossible not to fall in love with the first visit, it has no power over time itself.Nature lovers recommended to travel around the country and enjoy the many beautiful places that abounds card of Bashkortostan.
