By merging waters of Katun and Biya was born the mighty river Ob.The source and the mouth of it situated at a distance of 3650 kilometers from each other.If this distance is measured from the mouth of the Irtysh River, the main tributary of the Ob, it will be 5410 kilometers.Indicators allow Ob enroll in the category of the longest rivers of Russia.In Asia, it is the second-longest.
geographical location of the river
Given the nutritional conditions of the reservoir, the nature of the river network, water regime, Ob is divided into three parts.From the source to the mouth of the conditional release the upper, middle and lower stretches of the river.
upper portion Obi starts from the confluence of the Biya and Katun with the ends in the mouth of the Tom River - a tributary of the Ob River.Here the river is often winds, changing its direction of flow, then turning to the north, then to the west.
middle portion Obi comes from the merger with her Tom to the confluence of the Irtysh.From this point begins the lower section of the river, which extends to the Gulf of Ob.Here and in the mouth of the Ob River.
Altai Krai, Tomsk and Novosibirsk region, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District - a major industrial regions of Russia where the river Ob.
Istok and the mouth of the reservoir located in different climatic zones due to the large distance from each other.
origin of the name of the river
Scientists differently explain the origin of the name of Obi.One theory suggests that it is derived from the Russian word "two."Ob originates after the merger of the two (both) rivers.The mouth of the Ob River were examined by Russian merchants even before the conquest of Ermak.All the areas adjacent to the river, then called Obdorsk.
is not excluded and that the word of Ob means "water" comes to us from the Iranian language.That's what might be called deep river peoples who lived in ancient times in the south of Western Siberia.
peoples living at the mouth of the Ob River, today called the river in its own way.Sala-pits - "Mysovaya river."So called Ob the Nenets.Khanty and Mansi called it Al, which means "great river."From language Selkup name is translated as "large river".
The river
main source of replenishment of the water level in Obi are rainfall.For this reason, says the flood in the spring, summer and autumn - a period of active snowmelt and rainfall.
In the upper reaches of the flood begins in early April, in the middle reaches - in the second half of the month.At the bottom of the reservoir and the mouth of the Ob River water level rise begins in late April and lasts through May.
Period floods caused by melting snow gives way to rain floods.In the lower reaches of the river, he could continue until freeze-up.Depending on the character of the river site weather conditions in the area of Ob may be under ice during the year from 180 to 220 days.
Fauna reservoir
in the waters of the Ob usual large variety of fish species that are of commercial value.The most valuable of them - peled, sturgeon, whitefish, sturgeon, whitefish, white salmon.At the mouth of the river spawning runs of some of these species.Their catch is regulated by specific laws and government regulations.
in industrial quantities caught and fish species such as perch, bream, crucian carp, perch, pike, burbot, ide.
mouth of the Ob River, which coincide with the coordinates of the Arctic Circle, is a habitat for many species of waterfowl.Some of them are listed as endangered and are protected by the state.
cities and ports of the Ob River
has long attracted people.It is not only a source of fresh water, but also provide human food.On its banks, and today there are more than one hundred villages.Among them are large industrial cities, where fitted, modern river ports.Navigation on the Ob River and its tributaries began to develop in the XVIII century.
town situated at the mouth of the Ob River and the entire lower part of its course, considered the most promising in its development.These include Salekhard, Labytnangi, Nizhnevartovsk, Megion, Nefteyugansk, Langepas.
Surgut bridge built across the river, it makes it possible to cross the Ob road and rail transport at any time of the year.Overall, the different parts of the Ob River was built about two dozen bridges, which greatly facilitate communication between the villages and towns of the right and left banks of the river.
Bay and the mouth of the Gulf of Ob Ob
Today, it is known that the mouth of the Ob River is the beginning of one of the largest bays of the Kara Sea - the Gulf of Ob.The first scientific description of these areas belong to the end of the XIX century, they have been produced thanks to the heroic actions of Arctic explorers.Direct study of the territory began long before these descriptions.
length the Bay from north to south is about 800 kilometers.Its width varies from a few meters to tens of kilometers, the depth of the Bay is also different.The salinity of coastal waters is very low due to large volumes of fresh water, which brings the Ob River and other smaller rivers.
From the confluence of the Irtysh River to the village Peregrebnoe river flows in a deep vein.Downstream river bed becomes smaller and is divided into two branches, forming the Big and Small Ob.
At the mouth of the Ob River has a large number of islands, dissected a variety of channels.The slow flow of the river in this area due to the slight slope of the land surface.The answer to the question of the mouth of the Ob River is north or south of the Arctic Circle, makes it possible to get an idea about the weather conditions of the region.Given that the coordinates of the mouth of the river falls on the 66th parallel, you can exactly describe the climate of the region.The long winter with low air temperatures, short summers with changeable weather, short growing season makes the edge of harsh, poorly suited for human habitation.
