has long been on the Volga is a glorious ancient city of Saratov.It was founded in 1590 as a fortress guarding the south-eastern borders of Russia, and since then more than four centuries people have lived here many ethnic Russians.The history of Saratov is full of dramatic events, it is inseparable from the annals of our state, and therefore is very interesting.The town became the center of an extensive region and home to a number of outstanding, talented people to serve the Fatherland and manifested themselves in different fields.
Two names Saratov
History has not all the facts related to these places, but something is still unknown.
in the Middle Volga people settled long ago.Scenics, beasts and fish rich, fertile land, forests and other natural resources prompted the soldiers Golden Horde to push the locals, ancient Sarmatians who lived here in the V century BCUvek and build the city, which became the third largest settlement in all of the Mongol-Tatar possessions.It happened on the assumptions of historians, during the VI to VII century ADWe can assume that it is from this time begins the history of the emergence of Saratov, as on the territory of the regional center of the Russian Federation, namely in the Zavodskoy district and located Uvek.The modern name came much later, when Russian servicemen people lined up on Sokolova mountain, dominating the surrounding area, a fortress, a young fish named town.It is really not old by the standards of our homeland, to Russia 400 years - not age.So, the height of the said Tartars was called Yellow.In the Turkic language is the name sounded like "Sary-Tau" (Yellow Mountain).
founder of the three "jewels of the Volga" (Tsaritsyn, Samara and Saratov) became HSH Prince GOZasekin.
Wilderness
fortress was built on the left bank of the canopy.Nobody knows what happened in 1813, but it burned down.Maybe it happened during another siege, or because of someone's carelessness with fire.Wooden town in those days suffered from frequent fires.Undeterred by this circumstance, the inhabitants moved to another city, the steep bank of the great Russian river, the benefit of the merger was going to another water barrier (river Saratovka) facilitating the successful defense in case anything happens.
And to protect these places from enemies nomadic cost.Fish is always vodilas honorable, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, beluga, sturgeon, not to mention the ordinary pike and catfish.Already during the reign of Peter I there was a coat of arms.It starlet three form a kind of star, the symbol spreading to neighboring villages.History as a center of Saratov governorship ends in 1782, when the city became the provincial center.He remains a province distant and quiet, as evidenced by a line from the poem "Woe from Wit", written in 1824 ASGriboyedov."In the wilds, to Saratov ...»
Troubles and riots
City Life, however, is difficult to name drowsy.Troubles, strife, popular uprisings and the war rolled on this earth many times.In 1604 there were raging passions around Ilya of Murom, declared himself Peter Fedorovich, the son of the king.The peasant army of Stepan Razin seized the town in 1670, and its leader has placed in it his headquarters, Cossack District.Even after 37 years of the history of Saratov replenished with another dramatic episode, the siege of the troops Kondrat Bulavin.Twice visited here the first Russian Emperor Peter the Great (1695, 1722) and commanded to increase the area occupied an important settlement.Not passed the city and the events associated with the name of another impostor Pugachev.Here he was arrested after the suppression of the rebellion.
Industrial development Saratov province XIX century
industrial development boom that swept the Russian Empire in the XIX century, influenced the rapid growth of production and trade capacity of the Volga region.But before the main and most promising areas of economic activity have been identified by entrepreneurs of the region.Build factories, grew by leaps and bounds crafts and textiles.By occupation even called Saratov street.History has preserved them for posterity Kuznetsk, Myasnitskaya, Salt, Shelkovichnaya Tulupnaya, Brick two Kostrizhnye (Big and Small) (under the name of waste flax and hemp production).In the middle of the last century it has shifted the overall direction of development of the region in the direction of industrial production and processing.Fifteen hundred mills earned in the cities of the province (Khvalynsk, Volsk) and many villages.Local raw materials (high quality clay) encouraged local entrepreneurs to build and develop factories producing bricks and pottery.Techniques used by industry, required infrastructure maintenance and operation.
special word of appreciation deserves the great Russian reformer PAStolypin, who served as governor here, and lived on the street Volsky.
Saratov merchant
Trade - the indispensable companion of industry and trade.Volga merchants in Russia were considered special people who value reputation, so always keep the word.But in some cases, and then, in the XIX century, it requires verification of contractors, especially at the conclusion of major contracts with unfamiliar partners.Here, among the first in Russia were organized credit bureaus.Saratov has become an important logistics center on the Volga, in third and fourth place in the Empire in terms of turnover.
Merchants those decades cares not only about Barysh, and sought to leave behind a good memory.Thanks to patrons Azarov, Zlobin, POZDEEV and many other important edge enriched cultural institutions (theater, art galleries and Pensions).We build temples, hospitals, gymnasiums, museums and many other institutions that are useful to society.Many merchants professed the Old Believers, and appeared in the Volga region by decree of Catherine the Great.They were able to find a common language with the adherents of other faiths living in the region, and brought great benefit to the province.
Soviet power
revolutionary events and the ensuing fratricidal war seriously affected the economic situation of the household and the Volga region.The devastation was so significant that by 1927 only managed to reach the area on some indicators that could boast of a former royal province.Contributed to this new economic policy announced by the Bolshevik leadership.Collectivization fundamentally changed the structure of the village, broke an established way of life, resulting in agricultural production went into decline.In the province were frequent cases of peasant unrest were expressed in the defeat of the food detachments, and the physical destruction of activists collectivizers.Riots these ruthlessly suppressed.
Thirties and Forties fatal
Throughout the thirties occurred build industrial capacity, the share of industrial production became a dominant factor in the development area.
history of Saratov in the harsh years of war revealed the enormous potential of the multinational region.In the production area were evacuated, previously located on the territory belonging to a zone of temporary occupation.These include sewing, machine-building and other enterprises.Saratovchane courageously fought on the fronts.For example, the number of natives of only a small area of the district center, the town of Volsk, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war reached fifty.
Saratov Germans
German settlers from the XVII century willingly settled in this fertile region.History of Saratov province has preserved for us the names of hundreds of settlements that had the sound of German (Rosenberg, Unterdorf, Rosenberg, Balzer, etc.) settlers have preserved their national identity, the Lutheran religion, language and culture, thus becoming the Russian people and patriots.Neman and their contribution to the economic development of the region.
German name began to disappear from the map back in 1915, during the German war.Volga colonists were reinstated after the February Revolution.After the Bolsheviks came to power, despite their ambivalence about change, formed even Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSRNP), consisting of 22 cantons (total area of 25 thousand sq. M. Kilometers, four cities, nearly 550 villages and towns, the populationmore than 500 thousand people.)..In 1941 it was abolished, and the German population was expelled, mainly in Northern Kazakhstan and Eastern Siberia.On vanished administrative education resemble two surviving city names Engels (Pokrovsk, opposite Saratov, the Volga) and Marx (Marksshtadt).
main wealth, people
Today Saratov Province - one of the most important regions of the Russian Federation, the largest industrial, cultural, scientific and educational center with a developed agricultural sector of the economy.It produces the famous aircraft "Yak", the best in the world of cement, operate high-tech defense orders, build a variety of machines for peaceful purposes, produce food products and much more.But the main wealth of this beautiful region, which has become the heart of Russia, it is still wonderful people, talented and hard-working.It is they write the history of Saratov, Balashov, Volsk, Balakovo and all the other towns and villages of this beautiful region.
mere listing of famous Saratov natives would take too much time and space.Among these writers Leo Kassil, Alexander Yakovlev, composers Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, P. Kuznetsov (the one that wrote the famous "Kalinka"), the world's first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the heroes-pilots Viktor Shishkin Talalikhin Jakov, creator of missiles Academician PD Grushin, actors Oleg Tabakov, Hleb and Oleg Yankovsky, poet and fabulist Krylov, and many others.The history of Saratov is associated with the names of the aircraft DCAntonov, the writer Mikhail Bulgakov, artist Vrubel, Yuri Bykov (creator of space communication systems), but not to enumerate all.
so many talented people able to give birth and raise only an unusual edge.
