Board of Yaroslav the Wise in the Kievan Rus had at the end of the first and beginning of the second millennium (about 978-1054 years.).He is considered one of the greatest rulers not only Russia but also in Europe.Yaroslav the Wise over the years of his reign, the principality of Kiev brought to a new stage of world development, his government has reached a high level of political and military power.
article describes the reign of Yaroslav the Wise.Briefly mention the basic facts of his biography, and the results of the board.
Origin Grand Duke
The exact date of his birth scientists, historians continue to argue, many sources indicate the year of birth 978 th.His father is a Baptist Russia Saint Vladimir, and his mother - Polonsky Princess Rogneda Rogvoldovna that Prince Vladimir took power.From this marriage he had three sons.
According to the chronicles Jaroslav lived a long life and died at 75 years old.He became the ancestor of many rulers in Europe.The first rule of Yaroslav the Wise is briefly mentioned in "The Tale of Bygone Years", written by the monk Nestor.
Rostov Prince
beginning of independent rule of Yaroslav is considered 988 years, when his father put him as a child in the principality of Rostov.The real power belonged to his mentor, who took all the decisions, given the very young age of the prince.
Historical evidence Rostov reign of Prince Yaroslav the Wise almost non-existent.In any case, in the annals of the time there is no mention of the important historical facts related to the Rostov principality.Many historians believe that the reign of Prince Yaroslav the Wise in Rostov noted the emergence of the city named in his honor Yaroslavl.1010 is officially the year of its foundation.
Home Board
1010 (1011), after the death of one of the older sons of Grand Duke Vladimir Vysheslav and contrary to expectations, the elder brother Svyatopolk Yaroslav, Vladimir Yaroslav put it to rule Novgorod.Compared to the Rostov principality of Novgorod it considered higher, but was subordinate to the Prince of Novgorod and Kiev had to pay him tribute.
revolt against his father
In 1014 Yaroslav Kiev refuses to pay tribute and rebelled against his father.The reason for this rebellion is approaching Vladimir to his youngest son, Boris, and the intention to give him the throne of Kiev.For the same reason rebelled against Vladimir eldest son - Svyatopolk.For this he got to prison and remained in captivity until the death of his father.
to confront his father, Prince Vladimir, Yaroslav hires Vikings, but the army remains inactive and trades robberies in the Novgorod than causes righteous anger Novgorod.Prince Vladimir himself can not enter into combat with the son, as the principality of Kiev threatens to attack the Pechenegs.The army gathered against Novgorod, sent into battle with steppe nomads.The head of an army of Boris, as Vladimir at this time becomes feeble and old.
Brother against brother
Confrontation son and the father ceases with the death of Saint Vladimir July 15, 1015.But it starts a battle of two brothers Svyatopolk Yaroslav and, for the throne of Kiev.Svyatopolk, known popularly Damned, on the way to the throne killed his three brothers.
Several times Jaroslav Svyatopolk the Accursed, and they met in a deadly confrontation.In 1018 it held a decisive battle.Svyatopolk and his father in law, the Polish King Boleslaw the Brave, again invaded the Kievan Rus.This time they defeated Yaroslav, who returned to Novgorod and wanted to flee to Scandinavia.However, the prince of Novgorod was forced to continue the fight.In the spring of 1019 on the River Alt Sviatopolk he was finally defeated and fled.According to some historical sources on the road to Poland overtook his soldiers and Yaroslav killed.But to occupy the throne of Kiev Yaroslav no hurry, because the right to impose his nephew and brother Mstislav Bryachislav.
struggle for Kiev
In 1019, Yaroslav married for the second time.His fiancee - Swedish princess Ingigerda (in Orthodoxy Irina).It is believed that the first wife of Yaroslav was Norwegian, her name was Anna, she and her sisters prince was captured by the Poles forever captive in Poland.The alliance with Ingigerda many researchers consider a political move Yaroslav to eliminate unstable relations with the Swedes.
struggle for the throne of Kiev brothers continue to carry on with varying success until 1026, is not Mstislav triumphed over the forces of Yaroslav and moved the capital to Chernigov.Prince, he offered to sit in Kiev and Management section of land on the Dnieper, leaving Jaroslaw all right coast.There was a peace treaty.But even if the owner of the throne of Kiev, Yaroslav Novgorod did not leave until the death of Mstislav, that is, until 1035, confident that the people of Novgorod support him under any circumstances.Only after the death of Mstislav in 1035 he became an autocrat Kievan Rus Yaroslav the Wise.During the reign of his became the heyday of Russia.
order to avoid claims for Kiev throne by his younger brother, reigned in Pskov, Yaroslav Sudislava crammed into prison.
Chronology hostilities
history of the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, contains numerous references to the hostilities.Here are some of them:
- 1029 - a campaign to help against Mstislav jars, their expulsion from Tmutarakan (now Krasnodar);
- 1031 - a campaign together with Mstislav at the Poles, were won as a result of the city of Przemysl, and worms;
- 1036 - a victory over the forces of the Pechenegs and the release of their raids of ancient Russia;
- 1040 and 1044 years - the military action against Lithuania.
Results reign of Yaroslav the Wise.Politics and government
innings Grand Duke has 37 years.The reign of Yaroslav the Wise is a period of ascent of the principality of Kiev, when many European states sought military and political alliance with him.As a talented politician Yaroslav the Wise preferred any military action diplomacy.He pragmatically arranged marriages of their ten children and other relatives with the European rulers that served the purposes of state security.It is known that he was paying a nominal annual tribute Varangians - 300 hryvnia of silver, which was very little, but to keep the peace on the northern borders.
much for power did Yaroslav the Wise.The years of reign, he spent not only on the strengthening of military power, but also for the organization of life in the State by law.When it was adopted by church constitution and set of laws "Truth Yaroslav", which is considered the most ancient part of the norms of the collection of ancient rights "Russian Truth".
Being an educated man, Jaroslav cares about education subjects: he opens the first school and library.The first library in Russia was open to them in the St. Sophia Cathedral.
His plan was to address another important issue - the transfer of power.Internecine war that raged between the receivers, have plunged the country into ruin and disaster, weakening it and making easy prey for foreign enemies.Often, the main contenders for the throne for their own selfish interests overseas hired an army that rampaged and looted the population.Jaroslav as a talented politician, of course, understood the importance of improving the transfer of power, but this is a problem in connection with the death was never solved.
religious implications
Results reign of Yaroslav the Wise is not limited to political achievements.He did a lot for strengthening Christianity in the country.In 1051 Russian church finally freed from the influence of Constantinople, the first independently elected at the Episcopal Cathedral of Metropolitan Hilarion.At the Church of the Byzantine translated a large number of books in their correspondence from the treasury allocated considerable funds.
Board of Yaroslav the Wise marked ground many monasteries and churches.Monasteries Crypt, St. Irene, St. George were honored not only the church but also the social and cultural centers.In 1037, construction began on the famous St. Sophia Cathedral, which subsequently buried the remains of Yaroslav.On his orders in the 1036-1037 biennium.built the famous Golden Gate of Kiev, who on a plan of Yaroslav, were supposed to symbolize the movement of the center of Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus.
