In the light of events in Ukraine is very interested in many of Bandera.Who are these people, where did it move?In this article we will try to answer these and other very pertinent questions.To date, over this last movement, there are so many terrible stories, some people justify it, some are condemned or even hatred.
Historical information about the appearance of Bandera
So Bandera - who are they?A lot of the negative definition of the movement.During World War II it was the people who supported the ideology of Stepan Bandera, a leader of Ukrainian nationalism.Then they made a lot of murders of non-Ukrainians, justifying this desire for freedom and independence for his country.
Today, there is plenty of evidence of crimes Bandera followers that have occurred during the Great Patriotic War.They killed those who did not belong to the Ukrainian nation, who had relatives in people of other nationalities.Some killings are committed Bandera (pictured below), except atrocities difficult to call.It all started with the idea of the liberation of Western Ukraine from Polish invaders authorities.
Stepan Bandera.Brief biography
now the leader of the movement said.Stepan Bandera was born in 1909 in a family of Greek-Catholic priest.In addition to his family had six children.Obviously, the idea of nationalism Stepan absorbed with the instructions of his father, who was trying to pass their worldview children.This has contributed to the First World War, which took place in front of more impressionable child.
Bandera lived in her father's house until 1919, then moved to the city of Stryi and enrolled in school.There he studied for eight years.It was in high school and began his nationalist activities which subsequently led to what appeared in the Ukraine Bandera.He became the leader of the youth in the Western Ukraine, defending its independence by any means, not disdaining even the fact that now, in the modern world, is called terrorism.
Political activity Stepan Bandera
After graduating from high school, Stepan, in addition to social activities, engaged in the work entrusted to him by Ukrainian military organization.Bandera was in her senior courses since school.The official member of this organization, he became in 1927.Work began in the intelligence department, and after a propaganda.Behind him was a youth who adhere to its radical nationalist views.
During the activity of the organization, he has reached great heights and popularity, especially in the city of Lviv, Bandera which (as they would later be called) really believed his idol.He became head of the OUN underground organization.
Now a little about the political career of Stepan.To his credit several organized assassinations of prominent political figures against whom at that time were fighting nationalists.For one of them, at 34, he was convicted and sentenced to death, which, however, after a while replaced by life imprisonment.In prison, he spent up to 39 years when, because of the occupation of Poland, all prisoners (with and Stepan) were released.
leader of the nationalists continued their activities.And if you discuss the issue of "Bandera - who are" the answer is that it was his followers who once supported him.
Bandera activities during the Second World War
At this time Stepan just released.By adhering to his supporters, he visited Lviv, where it assessed the situation and decided that now the main enemy of the independence of Ukraine is the Soviet Union.
can assume that Ukrainian Bandera officially emerged after the split of OUN, when the post of head of the organization began to claim two people with completely opposite views.It Bandera and A. Miller.The first thought that Germany will not help the Ukrainians to acquire desired freedom, so you need to rely only on themselves.The alliance with the Germans could voprinimat only temporary effect.The second thought quite differently.In the end, all went to their camps.Bandera's closest supporters began Lenkavsky S., J. Stetsko, Lebedev, V. Okhrymovych, R. Shukhevych.
In June 1941, the act was proclaimed the revival of the Ukrainian state, the result of which was the conclusion of Bandera in custody in Germany.The Germans do not like this turn of events.As predicted Stepan, they had very different plans for Ukraine.
in a German prison Bandera remained until September 44.It was not the worst place it contained just such political criminals.Germans themselves three years and released Stepan free.Rather, it was an act of protest against his declaration of an independent Ukrainian state.
three years Bandera could not engage in politics, though kept in touch with his colleagues through his wife.However, all this time, Western Ukraine, Bandera is not throwing its activities continued to fight the invaders territories.
life after his release Bandera
After his release in September 1944 Bandera decides to stay and live in Germany.Inability to return to the territory of the Soviet Union did not prevent foreign branch organized the OUN (b).
At this time, according to some sources, he was recruited by and worked for German intelligence and counterintelligence.And according to other sources, he refused the offer.
Until the fifties this man led the life of a conspirator, as it announced the hunt, but after he moved to Munich with his family.Until the end of his days, he walked with the guard to protect themselves from the attacks, which, by the way, there were many.There he was known under the name Popiel.
However, this did not save him from death.In 1959, he was killed by a KGB agent Boris Stashinsky.He Bandera shot in the face with a pistol-syringe (contents - cyanide).He did not have time to save, on the way to the hospital died Stepan.Shoot after arrested and sent to prison for eight years.After leaving her fate Stashinsky unknown.
After the death of Bandera remained family - his wife Oparovskaya Yaroslav, son Andrew, daughter Natalia and Les.In spite of all their actions, the family he loved and strongly guarded.
So ended the life of a man who was the mastermind behind the nationalist movement in Western Ukraine, as well as the organizer of numerous political assassinations.His followers have committed many killings, hiding behind the idea of Ukraine's independence, its liberation from the Polish and then Soviet rule.
In 2010, Bandera was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine, despite the fact that many people have condemned it.However, in 2011 the Supreme Administrative Court of Ukraine, it was decided that this person can not be considered a hero.
followers of Bandera during the Second World
So, continuing its activities during the Second World War, Bandera (photos of their atrocities are now widely available) actively began to fight first with the Polish occupation, after winning with the German Red Army.It was formed Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), which supported the idea of the independence of Ukraine Stepan.Enemies were all - Jews, Poles and other nationalities.And all of them to be destroyed.
ardent follower and friend of Bandera was Roman Shukhevych, who, in his absence almost led OUN.In '41 he submitted battalion "Nachtigall", which was destroyed by a large number of residents of Lviv Polish nationality.From that moment it began cutting the civilian population of Ukraine.
If we talk more about his activities, it is the battalion responsible for the death of the inhabitants of the Belarusian village of Khatyn, they just wiped out.
addition to their account and other atrocities, namely the murder of villagers Korbelisy in Volyn.Many were burned alive.Total time, killing about 2,800 people.
created the worst atrocities in the village Lozova, which killed more than a hundred people, and with a variety of bullying.
There is other evidence terrible fate of the civilian population.Almost all the children of Ukrainian nationality were subject to death, and the martyr.It is very much torn or otrubyvali different parts of the body, stabbed.Some were alive, tied to a pole with barbed wire.It was really terrible times.
Today there are historians who believe that the representatives of the UPA really enjoy raised from their fanaticism.Even German Nazis did not so happy.The data collected from the reports of arrested and interrogated Bandera.It also claimed some Germans who collaborated with them.
Bandera as a part of the UPA
Bandera UPA - it formed an armed army, which is subordinate to the leaders of the OUN (b).It then began to enter into it by various representatives who supported this movement and idea.
Its main aim was the Soviet partisans, as well as the destruction of everything and everyone who had no relation to Ukraine.Many people still remember their cruelty, when entire villages were cut only what belonged to other nationality.
At the time of the liberation of the Red Army in the UPA, there were about fifty thousand active fighters.Each of them had their ideological position clear, stringent and hatred towards "the Council", helped during the past Stalinist repression.
However, there were weaknesses in the army.This, of course, ammunition and gun ownership.
Bandera how to act during the war
When discussing Bandera crime as part of the UPA, that to date, by the standards of historians, they are quite numerous.For example, subject to the death of about 200 people from the village of Kuta (Armenians and Poles).All of them were cut during the ethnic cleansing of the territory.
known to all Volyn Massacre affected many settlements.It was a terrible time.Some leaders of the motion before us are of the view: let the territory of the population will be less, but it will clean the Ukrainians.
According to various estimates, then died from twenty to one hundred thousand people (and it was the civilians!) At the hands of the people who supported the idea of nationalism under the leadership of Stepan Bandera.No, even the most noble motives, can not justify the violent deaths of so many people.
Confrontation Banderovites
Crimes Bandera caused great opposition to them by the Soviet partisans during the war.With the liberation of the territory of Ukraine from the German Red Army intensified their actions and the formation of the UPA.They tried to prevent the establishment of "their" land of the Soviet regime.To carry out various acts of sabotage, such as the burning of shops, destroying telegraph lines, as well as the killing of people who were in the ranks of the Red Army.Sometimes whole families were cut only for the fact that they were loyal to the Russian partisans.
Soviet troops, as the liberation of the territories, carried out and sweep the German-Ukrainian nationalists.It was destroyed almost all the large groups of UPA.However, there were small groups, which are becoming more difficult to catch.
It was a difficult time for western Ukrainians.On the one hand - the Soviet Army, which carried out mobilization of the adult male population.On the other - the formation of the UPA, who slaughtered all those who had at least some way connected with the Soviets.
After the end of World War II on the territory of the exemption from nationalist groups were sent to employees of the NKGB and the NKVD.In addition, conduct explanatory work among the population, as a result created the so-called "destructive forces".They helped in the elimination of gangs.
Bandera Fighting lasted until the fifties, when they were finally defeated underground groups UPA.
Bandera's followers today's time
Today on the Ukrainian territory is possible to observe the revival followers of Stepan Bandera.Many Ukrainians have adopted the idea of nationalism, however, have completely forgotten about those terrible times, which were then.Maybe even find them an excuse.Stepan Bandera became the idol of many young people as it once was.Some of the older generation believe (and regret) that not all Bandera destroyed once their grandfathers.Opinions differ, and very strong.
Supporters and followers of the leader of the OUN celebrate the birthday of his idol torchlight procession with the red and black flags.They cover the face bandages and kept in the hands of his portraits.The procession takes place virtually throughout the city, but it does not happen everywhere.Some people are very negative attitude to such a bright manifestation of honoring of Stepan Bandera.
As for ideology, the modern Bandera in Ukraine have taken it from its predecessors.Even the slogan "Glory to Ukraine - Glory to Heroes" was borrowed from them.
Symbols followers of Stepan Bandera
symbol of today's nationalists, as in times past, a red-and-black cloth.This flag Bandera was approved back in 1941.It symbolizes the revolutionary movement, the struggle against the occupation of Ukrainian lands.However, during World War II, he is not so often used, as in the present time.
If we talk specifically about the flag, these colors are found in many countries, these revolutionary events.For example, in Latin America it has been used very often.
Thus, when considering the "Bandera - who are these people?"to mention their flag that after Maidan Ukraine and subsequent events has become very recognizable.
Modern monuments to Bandera and his victims
Today there are so many monuments reminiscent of the atrocities committed by the victims and who left behind Bandera during the war.They are located in many cities and villages.The largest number of them are located in Lviv and its environs.Also, there are similar sites in Lugansk, Svatovo, Shalygin in Simferopol, in the Volyn and Ternopil regions.
In Poland, in the city of Legnica, there is an entire mall dedicated to those who died at the hands of the UPA.In Wroclaw, the mausoleum is a monument in memory of the victims, who died at the hands of the UPA in the 39-47 years of the last century.
However, there is also a monument and Banderovites in Poland.It is close to Radymno.Installed underground, there is even an order to demolish it, but the memorial is still well worth it.
In addition, there are numerous monuments to Stepan Bandera.In Western Ukraine, a sufficient number of them scattered - from the big monuments to small busts.There are also abroad, eg in Germany, where he was buried the leader of the Ukrainian nationalist movement.
