Declination of adjectives in the German language seems very complicated.Particularly affected are those who have learned English: it is known, the adjectives are not declined at all.However, if you compare German with Russian, it turns out, it is not so scary.
In Russian declension of adjectives has three main types, and have pervogoest three types: hard, soft and mixed version declination.The latter has three types depending on the final consonant in the root.
detailed acquaintance with the rules of the Russian language helps most language learners faster and easier to understand German declension of adjectives.German after this dating seems simpler and more understandable, and even there is sympathy for those who have to teach this "horrible" Russian.
There is one fundamental difference: if the decline in Russian adjectives depends on the word (of its kind, number and case), then in Germany, in addition, also on the article, unique, as we know, no Russian.
Declination German adjectives can be divided into three types:
- weak - it really is a "weak" form of the adjective is almost unchanged.Such a decline is applied after the definite article - the article in osnovm changes.
- strong decline - after the indefinite article and pronoun, meaning some "uncertainty".
- Mixed decline - if the article is available.
Here we consider the weak declension of adjectives
Its rules are fairly simple.As you can see in the table, most of the adjectives receive the ending -en, the other end in -e.This type of decline inherent only adjective that after eating:
- definite article (der, die, das).
- After pronouns that are similar to the definite article: diser (this), jener (one), jeder (each), welcher (a), solcher (a), mancher (a), derselbe (the same), derjenige (same).Of course, these demonstratives also vary by gender.Here they are shown in the masculine gender.
studying this information, note how the end of the definite articles and nouns.As you can see, the declination of adjectives to remember the easiest way.Another important point - the column "plural".In this type including the weak lean adjectives that are after the following words:
- definite article (der, die, das).
- same pronouns that are mentioned above, and some others.Of course, these pronouns to plural will have other forms: diese (these), jede (ones), welche (what), alle (every), beide (two), solche (such), manche (some), dieselben (thosethe best), diejenigen (are the same), sämtliche (all).
- and (note!) And after kein pronouns such as mein (mine), unser (Our), as well as other possessive pronouns.Here the question arises of how lean adjectives in the singular after these pronouns?For example, how will meine schöne Frau (My beautiful woman) in the dative?The answer: any reference see the table of the mixed declension, because after these pronouns, adjectives units.including lean it on the mixed type.
m. born then.race Wed.race Multiple
number
N Der alt e Mann Die schön e Frau Das neu e Haus Die breit en Fenster G Des alt en Mann es Der schön en Frau Des neu en Hauses Der breit en Fenster D Dem alt en Mann Der schön en Frau Dem neu en Haus Den breit en Fenster n A Den alt en Mann Die schön e Frau Dasneu e Haus Die breit en Fenster
Then in any directory look at other German table:
- Declination of adjectives in the singular in the absence of the article (strong decline).
- Table declination of adjectives in the singular after the indefinite article (mixed declination).
- should also see a decline separately adjectives in the plural, but it can also apply to two types already mentioned earlier: weak and strong.After an indeterminate (slight decline - we have brought him to the table) and the definite article (strong decline).
- substantivized Declination of adjectives.
Please note that there are laws declinations of adjectives: somewhere, somehow, have to be the end of the definite article.In the table above, it is already standing in front of adjectives the definite article.Therefore, the adjective does not need their end because of the weak declension rules are so simple.Conversely, with a strong decline as adjectives to the article do not, like the end of the adjectives change endings of the definite article.
And a few tips to remember these dry table:
- learn in detail the decline of the definite article.
- Read this article and view the table in the manual once carefully and pass the test - the Internet enough of them.Once you have or have not fulfilled the task for selection of correct form of the adjective, you will feel the need to remember all this, and you will also know where you want to study more closely the declination of adjectives.The secret of all effective training: first the problem, then the solution.And not vice versa.
- Take a literary text in German.This can be any text on the topic of interest to you with translation.Try to make all your own inflection tables, and then compare them with the directory.It will take time, but after that you will likely never need a longer look in the manual to clarify how inclined a particular adjective.
