respiratory system in insects is an accurate reflection of their lifestyle.Since these creatures are kept off the ground, they breathe only through trachea, which have a much more developed than that of the other inhabitants of our planet.In fairness it should be emphasized that there are some superclasses insects that live in water or are there often.In this case, the respiratory system of insects is represented by the gills.However, it is extremely rare in this class because we will visit them and very briefly.Well, move on to a more detailed study of the biology section.
General information
Thus, the respiratory system in insects appear to us as the trachea.From them come the many ramifications that extend all the vital organs and systems of the calf.The whole body, except the head (I mean thoracic and abdomen) is covered by the outlets - spiracles.They form the tracheal system through which most insects can breathe through the surface of his body.
Mark is that these spiracles are protected from the external environment stimuli special valves.They are quick to react to the flow of air through fine muscle development.It is also important to know that the spiracles are located on the sides of each segment of the body.The size of the openings is adjustable, whereby changes and tracheal lumen.
process ventilation
To understand thoroughly how insects breathe, it is important to first understand that each tracheal system, which is in the body, is always ventilated.The required airflow is due to the fact that the valves, which are located along the body, roughly speaking, are opened and closed by a certain schedule that is coordinated.For example, consider how a similar process occurs in locusts.During opening the front air inlet 4 spiracles (including two infants and two ventral anterior).At this time, all the other (rear 6) are in the closed position.After the air was in the body, are closed all spiracles, and then opening occurs in the following sequence: 6 open rear and front 4 remain closed.
main respiratory movements
Many years ago, scientists examining how insects breathe, noticed that their bodies in a certain way compress and decompress.This process has been synchronized with the process of getting oxygen into the body, and therefore it was concluded that many representatives of arthropods breathe it through a standard mechanical action.Thus the respiratory system in insects may function by reducing the individual sections of the abdomen.This type of "breathing" is characteristic mainly all terrestrial beings.Those individuals who live partially or completely in the water, characterized by the reduction and some breast parts.It is also important to remember that it is muscle contraction occurs on exhalation.When the air enters the body, all the abdominal and thoracic segments of an insect on the contrary expanded and completely relax.
structure tracheal
It trachea, as mentioned above, is represented by the respiratory system of insects.For children, a similar concept may be too complex, because if you explain the biological process to the child, tell him to start, it looks like this is the respiratory organ.All virtually every insect trachea - a separately existing trunk.He took it out of the valve through which the spiracles.From the tracheal tube branches come, which are represented in the form of a spiral.Each branch is formed of very dense cuticle, which is always securely locked in place.Through this branch does not fall off, not entangled, because the body of the insect always stored gaps through which can normally circulate oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor, without which the life of this class is unrealistic.
How are flying insects?
little differently looks respiratory system of insects that can fly.In this case, organisms are equipped with their so-called air bags.They are formed because the expanding tracheal tube.Moreover, these expand much more than the width of the primordial respiratory organ.Another characteristic feature of these bags - they do not spiral seals, because they behave inside the insect's body is much more mobile.Expansion and contraction of air bags from flying insects occur passively.During inhalation, the body increases during exhalation - respectively, reduced.In this process, monitoring only the muscles that control all.It is also important to note that the respiratory system of insects that are flying, so arranged so that they can for a longer period to capture more oxygen.
Insects that have gills
Arthropods inhabitants of reservoirs, like the fish have gills and gill openings.This breathing process is still due to trachea, but this system is a closed body.Thus oxygen from the water is not supplied to the body through the spiracles and through gill slits, and then enters the tubes and spirals.If the insect is arranged such that the maturation process is selected from the water begins to dwell on the ground or in the air, the gills are rudimentary, which disappears.It begins to develop more actively the tracheal system, grow stronger, and the spiral tube and the breathing process is not has nothing to do with gills.
Conclusion
Briefly we reviewed what the respiratory system in insects than it is typical and what its varieties can be found in nature.If you dig deeper, you can see that the respiratory system of arthropods different categories are quite different from each other, and most of them depend on the features of the habitat of certain species.
