Our country is huge, it is inhabited by many different people who may differ height and build, eye shape and color, tradition and culture, religion and folklore.Examples of the peoples of Russia could even lead a normal average high school student, and this is not surprising, as the homeland study in all educational institutions of the Russian Federation.
This article aims to reveal the most unknown and at the same time really interesting information about the customs and traditions of the peoples of Russia.The reader will get a lot of useful facts, due to which he later will be easier to understand those who are just like him, called the Russian.
In fact, especially the peoples of Russia (at least some of them, for example, living in the Far North) can not help but surprise even the most discerning and experienced travelers.On this and many other talk in this article.
ethnic composition of the people of Russia.General information
How big and vast this country is so diverse and powerful people living in it.No wonder in the days of the Soviet Union in their passports had been a string of "national".Union collapsed, and yet the Russian Federation remains a multinational state where live under the same sky over a hundred people.
According to censuses carried out regularly can be argued that indigenous peoples make up the Russian around 90% of the population, of which 81% - Russian.How many peoples living in Russia?Scientists, anthropologists argue that a clear answer to this question does not work, and in their reports they tend to unite the country's indigenous groups, the proximity of which is expressed not only geographically, but also culturally and historically.In total, the country has more than 180 historical communities.Religion of the peoples of Russia are also considered in the selection.
With so many representatives of the ethnic group of the vast country, it is impossible not to draw attention to the very small peoples, whose culture and way of life are often on the verge of extinction.Inexorable facts in most cases, it indicates that the number of nationalities, of which most of us have not even heard of, is gradually decreasing.That is why our Government has taken a logical decision to talk about the customs and traditions of the peoples of Russia to the younger generation since the initial classes of a comprehensive school.At first, all this is served in the form of fairy tales and legends, and later, with 7-8 class pupils more fully acquainted with the way of life and culture.
Little-known inhabitants of the vast country
There are representatives of the peoples of Russia, which you have not even heard.Do not believe me?And for good reason.Although I must say that in fact many of them.Description of the peoples of Russia, who managed to preserve their culture, traditions, and most importantly faith and way of life, deserve special attention.
Vodlozero
Not everyone knows that today in Karelia people live lake or the so-called Vodlozero.However, up to now remained only five villages, the residents there are not more than 550 people.Their parents were immigrants from Moscow and Novgorod.Despite this Vodlozerye still honor the Slavic customs.For example, the forest path is ordered, if not previously appease his master - Goblin.Each hunter must make offerings: include dead animal as a gift.
Semey
Examples of the peoples of Russia would be incomplete without mentioning about Semeiskie.They have their way of life seem to embody the life of pre-Petrine times.These representatives of the peoples of the Russian Old Believers considered once infesting Baikal.The name comes from the word peoples 'family'.According to the 2010 census population of 2,500 people.Unique of their culture are still primeval, t. E. Little has changed since the days of their ancestors.Every year in these places attracts scientists from all corners of the globe to study the craft of peoples of Russia.By the way, not everyone knows that the village has Semey homes today have more than 250 years.
Russkoustintsy
nation owes its appearance to the development of Siberia in the XVII century.Settlers from the Cossacks and the coast-dwellers once created here a sub-ethnic groups.Despite the difficult conditions of life to them, even in part, managed to preserve the culture and language.
Chaldony
That's Siberians called the first Russian settlers of the XVI century.The same name are their descendants.Today chaldonov way very similar to the life of the Slavs to the establishment of princely power.The uniqueness of them is also expressed in that language, appearance, culture quite unlike any Slavic nor Mongoloid.Sadly, chaldony, like other small nations, gradually die.
Zatundrennye peasants
They are considered descendants of Eastern Pomerania.This is a very friendly people actively come into contact with others.They are characterized by often unique culture, faith and traditions.However, in 2010 the peasants themselves to zatundrennym ranked only 8 people.
Endangered peoples of the country: the Khanty and Mansi
kindred peoples, the Khanty and Mansi were once the greatest hunters.Glory to their bravery and courage to reach the outskirts of Moscow itself.Today, both nations are represented residents of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.Initially the area near the Ob River Basin belonged to Hunt.Mansi tribes began to settle it until the end of the XIX century, after which began the active promotion of people in the northern and eastern parts of the region.It is no coincidence faith, culture, way of life was based on the unity with nature, because the Khanty and Mansi were mainly taiga lifestyle.
These representatives of the peoples of Russia had no clear distinction between animals and humans.Nature and animals always come first.So, the people were not allowed to settle near the places inhabited animals, and were not used in the fishing industry is too narrow network.
Almost every animal was honored.Thus, according to their beliefs, the bear gave birth to the first woman, and the fire gave the Great Bear;moose - a symbol of wealth and power;and beaver they owe the fact that it was thanks to him Khanty came to the origins of the river Vasyugan.Today, scientists are concerned that oil development can negatively affect not only the population of beavers, but also on the way of life of an entire people.
Huskies - proud northerners
Huskies firmly established in the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.This is perhaps the most eastern people of our country, the origin of which remains controversial to this day.Mammal hunting is the main activity.Until the middle of the XIX century with the spear tip and turning harpoons of bone were the main tools for hunting.
Citing examples of the peoples of Russia, it should be noted that the Inuit did not affect Christianity.They believed in spirits, change the human condition, the phenomena of nature.Creator of the world was considered Sila - the creator and host, tracking the order and worship rites of their ancestors.Sedna, the mistress of the sea, sending the Eskimos prey.The spirits that bring misfortune and illness portrayed dwarfs or, conversely, the giants.The shaman, lived in almost every settlement.As an intermediary between man and the evil spirits, he concluded peace associations, and for some time the Eskimos were living in tranquility and peace.
Whenever fishing was successful, arranged fishing holidays.Also organized celebrations in honor of the beginning or end of the hunting season.Rich in folklore, unusual Arctic Culture (carving and engraving on bones) once again proves the uniqueness of the Inuit.Heritage of the peoples of Russia, including them, can be seen in the capital of ethnographic museums.
famous reindeer Russia - Koryak
telling how many peoples live in Russia at the moment, not to mention the Koryak living in Kamchatka and Chukotka Peninsula.At present people are still traces of the Okhotsk culture that existed in the first millennium AD.At the root of things have changed in the XVII century, when the formation of the Koryak-Russian relations.Collectivism - the basis of life of the people.
Their outlook is related to animism.This means that they are quite a long time inspired the all-around: rocks, plants, the universe.Also, their customs took place shamanism.Adoration of the holy places, sacrifice, ritual objects - all this is the basis of culture Koryak.
All Koryak holidays were and are seasonal.Spring reindeer antlers celebrate (Kilwa), and in the fall - the day of slaughter elk.In families where the twins were born, arrange a holiday wolf as infants were considered relatives of these predators.At all events clearly seen actively imitating animals: dancing, singing.In recent years, a policy for the preservation of heritage and the unique heritage of the Koryak people.
Tofalars - vanishing nation Irkutsk region
description of the peoples of Russia is impossible without the Tofa, the ethnic group of more than 700 people, which is stationed in the territory of the Irkutsk region.Despite the fact that most Tofalars - Orthodox, shamanism continues to this day.
The main activities of these people - hunting and reindeer herding.Once a favorite drink was milk elk that drinking boiled or added to tea.Up until Tofalars were not settled by the people, their home was a conical chum.Recently, pure blood of the people lost.However, traditions, customs and culture of ancient Tofalars still exist.
identity and proud people - Archi
Today Archi - a small ethnic group that, when the 1959 census was ranked among the Avars.Despite this fact the identity and conservative lifestyle of the people allowed to preserve their language.Modern Archi revere their culture, many of them have higher education.However, schools are taught only in the Avar language.
What Archi own Avar, once again proves that they belong to a large, socially important nation.The life of the people is not subject to global changes.Youth does not seek to leave the villages and intermarriage - a rarity.Although, of course, the gradual loss of tradition going.
How many people in Russia, so many traditions.For example, celebrating a triumph, not Archi tree dress up and put on a coat, capes and hats made of sheepskin and start dancing to the accompaniment of lezginka zurna, drum and kumuza.
last of the people of Vod
continue to give examples of the peoples of Russia.The population of people of Vod has almost 100 people.They live on the territory of the modern Leningrad Region.
Vod - orthodox.However, despite this, the remnants of paganism still have a place to be: in the beginning of XX century was traced animalism - the worship of wood and stone.Rites accomplished according to calendar days.On the eve of Ivan Kupala bonfires, and the girls were taken to guess.In Elijah's day were organized collective ritual feasting and fishing.First caught fish grilled and then lowered back into the water.Choosing a partner for drive went completely on the young.Courtship, as opposed to the current, divided into two stages: in fact, matchmaking, where bride and groom exchanged pledges and tobacco, when it was the two men smoked tobacco and ate cakes.
During the preparation for the wedding can often be heard wailing ritual.Curiously, the marriage until the XIX century was "double-ended": after the wedding the groom went to him to celebrate with their guests, in fact, did the same and groom.And until the middle of the XIX century during the wedding ceremony the bride shaved the hair on his head, as if to symbolize the transition to a new stage - the stage of married life.
Nivkhi - residents of the Khabarovsk Territory
Nivkhi - people, located in the Khabarovsk Territory.The number is more than 4,500.It seems that this is not so much, if you take into account how many people live in Russia at the moment, however, all that being said, You have to compare, for example, with the people of Vod.Nivkhi say both Nivkh and Russian languages.It is believed that they are descendants of the ancient inhabitants of Sakhalin.
traditional trades considered fishing, hunting and gathering.In addition, dog breeding was one of the main occupations of the Nivkh.Not only are they used dogs as a vehicle, but also feeds them, and from dog skins sewed clothes for themselves.
official religion - Christianity.Nevertheless, until the mid XX century preserved traditional beliefs.For example, the cult of the bear.Bear festival was accompanied by the slaughter of animals reared in a cage.Respect for nature, rational use of its gifts of blood Nivkhs.Rich in folklore, arts and crafts, quackery is still transmitted by word of mouth.
indigenous peoples of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District
small peoples than Selkups not find in the whole North.According to the last census, their number is only 1,700.The name of this comes directly from the people and ethnic groups means "forest man".Selkups traditionally engaged in fishing and hunting, and reindeer.Until the XVII century, that is, as long as the Russian merchants have mastered marketing, actively developing handicraft, weaving.
