outstanding thinkers of ancient Greece, Aristotle (born 348 BC) was interested in the empirical sciences.My favorite pupil of Plato, he learned well his philosophy, but, nevertheless, it has subjected to criticism.That Aristotle belongs to the well-known phrase of Plato, friendship and truth.Works of Aristotle addressed the general public, are fragmentary, however, the works intended for students, and have come to the present day.
word "metaphysics" came into use with the filing of Andronicus of Rhodes, collects the works of Aristotle.The collection of his writings consisted of 14 books: works on logic, natural science, books about being, work ethics, aesthetics, biology and politics.Metaphysics was named a section on being located behind research in physics (translated from Greek - "meta" means "beyond").
In metaphysics Greek philosopher expounded the doctrine of the first principles, which laid the foundation of wisdom.Metaphysics Aristotle describes four causes of being higher (they are the first elements).Instead of the Platonic tripartite structure (the world of things, the world of ideas and matter), he proposed a dual comprising only matter and form.Metaphysics Aristotle briefly looks:
- Matter, or everything that exists objectively - independently of the observer.Matter is indestructible and eternal, passive and inert, has the potential for the emergence of a variety of things.The primary matter is manifested in the form of the five elements, they are the same elements - air, fire, water, earth and heavenly substance - ether.
- form.From monotonous matter Higher Intelligence creates a variety of forms.Genesis thing is a unity of form and matter, with form represents the beginning of an active and creative.
- Prime Mover of all forms, the top and the cause of the universe, immaterial and eternal God.Reflects point from which to start the existence of things.
- goal or "something for which."The existence of each thing is justified for any purpose;the highest goal is good.
As seen above, one of the main categories of philosophy Throughout its history from antiquity to the present day became a concept begun by Aristotle.Physics is the study objective phenomena, metaphysics also explores what is beyond the physical phenomena and it is the cause.Continuity concepts can be seen in the modern sinonimayzinge words: metaphysical - unseen, unmanifested, the ideal, psychic.
Metaphysics Aristotle declares the unity of material and ideal, of form and matter.At the heart of the natural laws is the interaction of opposites - day or night, good-evil, male-female, top-bottom, which form the fire, air, water and soil and can be converted into each other
through the power of collaboration.According to his theory, the qualitative characteristics of entities are primary in relation to the quantitative.
first stage of knowledge metaphysics Aristotle argues sensory perception through the senses.The logic, without which knowledge is impossible, Aristotle said organic science, because it is an instrument (organon) for the study of life.Higher same stage - rational knowledge - is to find similarities in individual events and things.
main advantage of the metaphysics of the human mind Aristotle calls.
