passion for classifying mankind mastered long ago.Inquisitive mind tried to sort out the ongoing natural phenomena, the relationship between their own kind and, of course, the differences between people.The fact that all people think, feel and react to their surroundings in different ways, the most observant guessed a thousand years ago.
serious attempt typologize common signs were made by Hippocrates in the 4th century BC.Of course, he thinks in terms of the views of his time.He believed that the structure and behavior of a person depends on the combination of certain internal fluids: bile, blood, black bile, and lymph.On this basis, he considered a specific type of person.There were four categories of temperaments: choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic.According to this doctrine, it was easy to figure out who is who.Such choleric determined by Hippocrates as a very active, mobile people, fast flashing and fading quickly in the event of obstacles, prone to aggression, irritability and fatigue.
Further this division was developed by Galen.It is no exaggeration to say that pure temperament types do not exist in nature.Scientific substantiation of this theory has received in connection with the teachings of Ivan Pavlov, who led the regularities of nervous processes and their dependence on three factors: strength, mobility and balance.According to the theory of Pavlov, the first one shows the ability of the nervous system to stress, and the last - the alternation of inhibition and excitation processes.
According to this doctrine is easy to establish who is choleric.It is a strong, unbalanced, moving people.Phlegmatic - too strong, but balanced and slow.Later studies showed that determines the properties of the nervous system more.
Various scholars give the definition of a different temperament.In general, it can be described as a set of physiological resistance properties that determine the activity of human emotion and affect its character.His description of temperament given by scholars such as Kant, Jung, Eysenck, Kretschmer and others.It is worth noting that professional psychologists do not use this term.However, in the mass consciousness characteristic temperaments - quite common.Especially love the German-British psychologist Eysenck.More than half a century ago, he developed a concise test to determine temperament.For two polar scales: emotional stability - emotional instability, extroversion - introversion - he formed four basic types.
For example, who is choleric Eysenck in the description?It is emotionally unstable extroverted personality.Melancholy of this classification - emotionally unstable introvert, sanguine - stable extrovert, phlegmatic - emotionally stable introvert.Obviously, this typology is too simple to describe the diversity of the human person.
Quite often simplistic interpretation of types of temperament, their division into right and wrong.And judges who?Such choleric, for example, knowing that it is inherent in the rapid decline of interest in the work, will be able to take advantage of the skills of time management.Good or bad temperaments do not happen.You need to know the features to develop strengths and neutralize weaknesses.
