known that Yaroslav the Wise, giving his daughter Anna for the French king, gave her a dowry of a book on wooden tablets, which is believed to have survived to the present day.Anyway, with her to make copies on paper.It was called "The Book of Veles" and telling us about the times before the Rurik dynasty.It is assumed that by sending this book in Europe, Yaroslav wanted to tell the European civilization of the ancient history of Russia.According to the book of Veles, in Russia for a long time there was a kind of Bohumír, who had five children, including sons and Seva Rus, from which went to northerners and Rusich.Perhaps this was the beginning of how Russia became Russia, as in the legend have a man's name with the root "Rus", which then formed the basis for the name of the state "Rus".
in Russia were tribes and associations to Rurik
«Book of Veles" has repeatedly pointed out that the union of Slavic Russia (and possibly other) tribes existed since ancient times.In this literary work has links to very ancient events when protorusskie tribes went to Egypt, lived in the Carpathian Mountains, reached the territory of present-day China, and others. Therefore, consider how Russia became the Russian, can not from the time of Rurik, but with earlier.
Nevertheless modern history says that this leader of the Varangian guards became the first who united the Slavonic tribes in the period of civil strife and attacks by external enemies (in 862 AD).It is assumed that he was the grandson of the Novgorod Prince (son of the prince's daughter), who invited him to rule in Novgorod in connection with the severe situation and their own old age.Therefore, the theory that Russia created the Scandinavians considered not very wealthy.Referring to the "Book of Veles", you can find an indication of the fact that the authors did not consider the ancient Rurik Rusich, he believed that he exercised his authority by force.Perhaps the authors of the book belongs to the Slavic tribe feud with Novgorod, for which power Rurik, who also is believed to have been baptized according to Christian tradition, was undesirable.
How Russia became a maritime power?
Initially, the Russian state is an aggregate of settlements along the trade routes "from the Vikings to the Greeks", which helps to control Rurik with his retinue.The center of this quasi-state formations were Kiev and Novgorod.Approximately 8-9 centuries of our era began development of territories in Central Russia (between the Volga and the Oka), which for centuries had been relatively periphery of Kievan Rus.After the Mongol invasions (13th century), the value of the land increased, and there is a new center - Moscow, around which a new stage of consolidation areas in the principality of Moscow.Residents of public education participated in the discovery of new lands, including the upper reaches of the Kama River, the coast of the Pechora, Northern Dvina, the White Sea.You could say that in those days the Russian state was a sea power, however, in the waters without active international trade routes.
successes of John the Fourth (the Terrible) in the annexed territories
In 1380 the Moscow army defeated the Mongols, but a hundred years to completely get rid of the Ugra Russian lands from foreign yoke.At this point, one of the Russian land is already included the Rzhev, Tula, Nizhny Novgorod, Veliky Ustyug and others.This is how Russia has become a big country already in those days.Local success of its predecessor strengthened once the ruler of Russia - the fourth Ivan (the Terrible).He joined the Moscow vast land holdings of Kazan and Astrakhan khanate.He left for posterity manustkript in which, perhaps for the first time in the Old Slavonic language figured it was the name "Russia".This document is the first letter of Ivan the Terrible to the Prince Andrei Kurbsky, who signed as "drawn up in the realm of royal city of Russia, Moscow, the Fourth of July 7072, the summer of the universe."Perhaps this is how Russia became Russia in its name.Although it's worth noting that the title of the second epistle to the Terrible Kurbsky king appears as the Emperor, the Grand Duke "BCEAO Rousseau," that is, the move was both the name "Russia" and "Russia".
largest country on the planet
In the future, the Russian state for centuries proceeded mostly gains territory.Russian tsars before Ivan IV managed to attach to existing possessions Pskov and Ryazan land.At the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were selected and returned to the upper reaches of the Oka and Vyazma.In the early 16th century in the upper part of Muscovy entered the Western Dvina and the entire basin of the Desna River, and it became the largest state of those times, and it is to this day.In the 80s of the 16th century began active development of Siberia.There were founded the city of Tomsk, Tobolsk, Tyumen and Mangazeya, but the territory obtained in the Baltic States as a result of the Livonian War, was lost by the end of the reign of John the Terrible.
As Russia has become a big country?It should be noted that the development of most of the new land was mostly peaceful, because the Siberian lands were inhabited relatively rare, and the population there after the arrival of the Cossacks began to actively take, for example, furs in exchange for goods of a higher level of civilization (weapons and so on.).But the history of our country is rich in military clashes in the development of mostly western territories and capture some eastern countries.In the seventeenth century, Russia has lost the wars of the land in the Smolensk and Chernihiv received, however, in the 50 years of this century, the Left-Bank Ukraine and Zaporozhye.In 1620-50-ies undertaken an unprecedented leap in the development of Siberia - Russian came first on the coast of the Yenisei River, and then the Sea of Okhotsk.However, many people are interested in the question of how Russia became an empire.
Empire ruled by Emperor
believed that this event took place during the reign of Peter the Great, who took the title of emperor in 1721 at the request of the Senate, after the victory in the Northern War.As a result of this campaign, which lasted from 1700 to 1721 in the Russian state came Karelia, Izhora, Estonia and Livonia, the southern part of the Finnish land to Vyborg, the city was founded St. Petersburg.Peter has established trade relations with European countries and made their country a maritime power, this time in the strategically important area.
Peoples Chukchi could not win - they joined themselves
After Russia became an empire, its territorial "appetite" only increase.For the period from 1723 to 1732 in its part of the Caspian Sea are land.At the same time begins the development of the Altai, land on the river Yaik.In the twenties of the century, the Russian Empire voluntarily join the peoples of the Chukchi (previously they could not win three Russian Cossacks), then Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands.In the second half of the eighteenth century as a result of Russian-Turkish wars of the Empire gets the Sea of Azov, the Crimea, the Black Sea region, and after the partition of Poland - Lithuania, Belarus, Kurland and North-Western Ukraine.At the end of the century to the Russian part of the joining of Kazakhstan, Alaska and South Altai.
nineteenth century - the maximum area
In the nineteenth century Russia had as the increment and loss of territories.As Russia became Russia today in view of the events?By the "acquisition" of that time include the accession of Finland, Dagestan, Bessarabia, part of Poland, western Georgia.Then in the Russian land includes Armenia, part of the territories of Azerbaijan and another "portion" of the Kazakh lands (ie. Mr. Senior Jousse).In the second half of the century, the Russian Empire reaches its maximum historical dimensions - it includes the North Caucasus, Central Asia, part of Xinjiang (temporarily in the 60s).In addition, Moscow has received a protectorate over the territory of the present Tuva (Uryankhay ground) was fixed on the Amur, Primorye and Sakhalin.As compensation for the last time Japan won the Kuril Islands (Sakhalin went to Japan again as a result of the war of 1904-1905., But not for long by historical standards).In 1867, Alaska was lost in connection with the transaction, concluded with the United States.
In the twentieth century, the Russian Empire, which arose (and disintegrated then) Soviet Union again, it turns out, the lost territory.It is worth to mention the loss of Ukrainian, Belarusian, Finnish, Polish, Bessarabian territories after World War I and receive at the end of the Second World Kuriles, South Sakhalin, Kaliningrad region.During the hostilities in mid-century, the Soviet Union officially entered the Republic of Tuva.And in 1991, after the separation of the former Soviet republics, Russia has turned the current.
One Earth and genes
As Russia has become the single largest country?In the course of development of the various ethnic groups and territories of peoples living in them (and coming to places), concluded trade and military alliances, as well as marital relations, which entailed mixing of genes.Today, quite common in Russian Genetic type is R1a 1a, which is massively distributed in central Russia and southern Siberia, which once again underlines the unity of the peoples are not only territorial but also on a genetic level.
