called cognate word similar in meaning and with a common part.It is not difficult to guess that this must be a common part of the root (or one of the roots if the word difficult).Consequently, priority should be given to understand that such a root.Rule of the Russian language for Grade 1 states that the root is called a common part related said, is currently their main value.
Like a tree, the word "grow" from the root.
The ability to choose related words (they are the same - the same root) allows us to write competently.It concerns a orfogrammy as unstressed vowels in the root (for example, the word "river" unstressed "e" check the root word "river", where "e" is under stress).
Children are often confused kinship with different forms of the same word.For example, for the word "Mouse" - "Mouse" - a root word, and "mouse" - another form of the same.Word Forms change with its end, and related words formed with prefixes and suffixes.And consoles can change the meaning of the word, even the opposite.For example, antonyms Arrivals and departures are at the same time, the root word.
Another common error in the single-root words - to take over the related words, those who have the same root of writing and sound, but not least.These roots are called homonymous.For example, the words "carry", "tray", "carrier" - the root -nos-, in the words of the "nose", "toe", "bridge" - also -nos-, but there is nothing to do in their values.Words homonymous roots are not the same root.The reverse situation can be observed in words very similar in meaning, but do not have a common root.For example: dog - a puppy, a horse - foal, etc.Russian language is not only rich, but also very unpredictable!
cognates may be as a part of speech, and in different (running, runner, runner - nouns, run, run - verbs, jogging, quick - adjectives, running - the sacrament).
interesting point in the derivation is the alternation of sounds in the roots of related words, and as vowels (Dawn - dawns, hang - hung) and consonants (friend-friends-friends, to dry - dry).There are options when consonants alternate with combinations of consonants (driving - driving, catch - catch), and vowels - "zero sound", so-called fleeting vowel (the father - the father, sleep - sleep).
root word can have two or more of the root.Such words are called complex.One root in this case is related, and the other will be the basis for the formation of a new value for word.For example: green - the evergreen, land - tiller, electricity - hydroelectric power.
all cognates, ordered in terms of their derivatives together constitute derivational nest.At the base of the nest - the top (original word), from which the derivatives are formed cognates.Examples: sing - singer, sing - intone - sang;old - age - obsolete - obsolete.Formative families can be slaborazvernutym (up to two derivatives) and silnorazvernutym (top and more than three derivatives).An example may serve as a nest silnorazvernutogo root word to the word "home": house, little house, domische, house, adjoining, homemade, thrifty, burglar, home, homeless, couch potato, household, homeowner, home economics, Domostroy, housing construction, an orphanage, a madhouse.
Now you know what a root word!
