consider and compare some of the words-exceptions in Russian and English.Maybe we'll find something in common?
Everyone knows that when children are just beginning to learn to write, they write the words "by ear."And often ask questions that we, adults, do not come to mind.For example, why after the letters "w" and "w" should be written "and" in fact there is clearly heard the sound of "s"?Why complicate your life?This rule also applies to other vowels after sizzling.We always write "y" instead of "w", "a" instead of "I" (Ms-shi, cha-conductive, Ms. Shu, Chu SchU).But there is a word-exception: the jury, a parachute, a brochure.Why these words are an exception in the Russian language are honored to be written differently?
There are two interesting points.The first - our history.Our ancestors uttered softly hissing sounds, that is, "Mrs." and sounded in full compliance with the writing.Gradually these sounds hardened (also an interesting phenomenon - why?), The sound changed, and writing remained.We write Ms. Shih-through "and" just following the tradition.
Words exceptions outlined above, came into our language is French rather late.Even when the hissing began to sound firm.When borrowing the words are not always "customize" under the rules of the local language.Besides, in this case, the rule clearly shows the current situation.Think how often you have experienced difficulties in how correctly to write: "cappuccino" or "cappuccino"?Or maybe double "claims"?This word appeared in our recent and many easier and more enjoyable to write, reproducing the original spelling (cappuccino).
Thus, we write words of exclusion "jury", "parachute" through "w" in part a tribute to respect the origin of these words (after all, have someone else), partly because our native usually somewhat outdated.There were these words before, they would not be exceptions, because that sounded a little French style (exactly as written).
You will be surprised, but these words are an exception in the English language there are a thousand times more.They are everywhere.Anyone who has studied English, and those who have not studied, certainly, heard about it.Written as heard - this is certainly not about the English language.
For example, there are seven rules of reading the letter "u".It would seem that they can be easily learned, but no, if you please learn five exceptions (and it is a few dozen words)!Why is the word-exclusion in the English language there so often?
No wonder we have led in the early example of "Shi Ji".You are free to think about what the quality of the British led to so many exceptions.Note that the words are exceptions in the English language - it is the most used, common, basic words.That is why their study did not prevent the English language to become the most popular in the world.Exceptions are repeated so often that they are usually stored easily.
reason so many exceptions in the English language lies not only in the English tradition of commitment to their conservatism, but also a huge number of "foreign" influences, and the history of the English language began in the 1st century BC.
English was influenced by:
- Romans.Until 80th.first century Roman presence in the British Isles was noticeable, they built roads, fortifications, which later became the major cities (Manchester, Lancaster).That word comes from the Latin words such as street (street), the wall (wall).However, the influence of the Romans did not have the English language quite so dramatic.
- Germans.They determined the fate of the English language.The tribes of Angles and Saxons drove the Britons.
- Scandinavia.They attacked the Angles and Saxons, from the 8th century.In addition, it is a close neighbor, which could not affect the English language.Many common words have Scandinavian roots, and, accordingly, the special sound.For example, husband (her husband) - This loan word, which is the exception to the rule.The letter "s" in it reads like a "z", although, according to the rules, it is willing to read as "s".
- French.After 1066 the power passed into the hands of the Normans.For many years the Anglo-Norman dialect became the principal.Scribes-Normans, rewriting documents have made it convenient to rule in the language.To identify the various sounds they used French letter.For example, in doangliyskom sound "k" denoted by the letter "c."In any cases.In French, the same letters stand for the same sound just before certain vowels.That is why today the letter "a" may be read as "k", and how to "s".
Despite all of this, has become a world language imennno English and not Esperanto, although the latter is practically impossible to find words-exceptions.Any living language, if the Russian or English, contains deviations from the rules.They reflect the complexity of our history, our character, give us a sense of belonging to something really big, a large group, some of whose authority is transferred to us.Maybe so polished, but faceless, Esperanto did not become popular.
If we compare the Russian and English languages, the causes of the words, similar exceptions, however, their number and characteristics vary as much as our different historical paths.
