words, phrases, phrases and sentences - all that and more inherent in the concept of "language".How much is hidden in it, and how little we actually know about the language!Every day, even every minute we spend with him - utter aloud whether our thoughts and conduct an internal dialogue, read or listen to the radio ... language, our language - is an art, and it should be fine.And the beauty of it should be genuine.What helps in the search for true beauty of language and speech?
literal and figurative meanings of words - it is something that enriches our language, develops and transforms it.How does this happen?Let's look at this endless process, when, as they say, the words of the words grow.
First of all, you should understand that such a literal and figurative meaning of the word, and what the main types are divided.Each word can have one single or a range of values.Words with one value called unambiguous words.The Russian language is considerably smaller than the set of words with different meanings.Examples include words such as computer, ash, satin sleeve.The word which can be used in several meanings, including figurative, - ambiguous words, examples: the house can be used in the sense of building accommodation for people, family lifestyle, and so on. Etc .;sky - is the airspace above the ground, as well as the location of visible light, or divine power holding.
When ambiguity distinguish literal and figurative meaning of the word.The first meaning of the word, its base - this is the direct meaning of the word.Incidentally, the word "direct" in this context is figurative in nature, ie. E. The basic meaning of the word - "something smooth, without bends" - transferred to another object or phenomenon with the value "literal expressed clearly."So far it is not necessary - just need to be more attentive and observant in what words we use, when and how.
the above example, is already becoming clear that the figurative meaning - a secondary meaning, which arose when transferring the literal meaning of the words on another subject.Depending on what kind of a sign of the subject gave rise to the transfer values are different types of portable such values as metonymy, metaphor, synecdoche.
literal and figurative meaning of the word may overlap each other on the basis of similarity - that is a metaphor.For example:
ice water - ice hands (on the ground);
poisonous mushroom - a poisonous character (on the basis);
star in the sky - a star in the hand (at the location);
candy - chocolate tan (based on the color).
Metonymy - a selection in the phenomenon or object of the property, which by its nature can replace the other.For example:
gold jewelry - in her ears gold;
crockery - stood on the shelves of porcelain;
headache - I took his head.
Finally, synecdoche - a kind of metonymy, when there is a substitution of one word for another on the basis of a permanent, real-life relationship of parts to the whole and vice versa.For example:
He - a real head (in the sense of a very clever head - it's part of the body, which is the brain).
whole village fell on his side - every citizen, t. E. "Village" as a whole, which replaces part of it.
What can we say in conclusion?Only one thing: if you know the literal and figurative meaning of a word, you can not just right to use certain words, but also enrich their speech and learn how to beautifully convey their thoughts and feelings, and may one day come up with a metaphor or metonymy ... WhoHe knows?
