plants we feed, clothe, warm, pleasing the eye indoors collections, bouquets and floral compositions.Types of constituting green decoration planet capable of forming compounds with organic release into the atmosphere of oxygen.The significance of plants in human life, in nature, the economic activities of the population.The main directions of practical use and cognitive role of this large group of living organisms.
Green miracle of nature
Plants can be found everywhere: in the forest, the field at the bottom of the ocean, a drop of water on top of the mountain.Among this group of living things stand unicellular and multicellular organisms.The science that studies plants, their structure, distribution, and systematics, - botany.The collection of all plant species are found in a particular area - this flora.
There are three forms of life.They differ in appearance: trees, shrubs and herbs.Different life expectancy is characteristic for annuals, biennials and perennials.Is the world a large group of spore-organisms - it is algae, mosses, club mosses, ferns.To seeds are gymnosperms, and flowering.These plants are used by man since time immemorial.
Russian scientist Timiryazev wrote that the green cells act as "Prometheus, who stole fire from heaven."The rays of the sun like a conserved energy generated by plants organic substances.Timiryazev, who has studied the chlorophyll and the role of plants in nature and human life, called the green inhabitants of the planet, "the mediators between heaven and earth."Scientific meant the formation of cells in green sugar and starch - photosynthesis.This Greek word means "a compound in the world" and refers to a specific way of eating - autotrophic.Living creatures-autotrophs created from inorganic substances organic compounds using light energy (sun or artificial lighting).Humans and animals are not adapted to such a process, therefore, needed in plants.
Photosynthesis
roots absorb from the soil water and mineral salts through microscopic holes in the leaves enters the carbon dioxide from the air.These inorganic substances as a result of chemical reactions of photosynthesis are part of sugar and starch.The process has led to the continuing importance of plants in nature and human life.The essence of the scheme is reflected photosynthesis: 6SO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.Occur in plants and other chemical reactions that form different substances (starch, cellulose, proteins, fats, lignin, vitamins, resins and many others).They are consumed by the plant are important in the diet and treatment of a man, his four-legged friends - animals.
role of plants in nature and human life
Autotrophic being important for all life on Earth.The value of the plants is determined by the following features of chemical processes in the cells of green:
- way of eating in which the absorbed energy is used for the reactions of the world;
- release of oxygen necessary for respiration of humans, animals and the plants themselves;
- formation of organic substances;
- absorption of carbon dioxide, great content which is harmful to humans and animals.
On Earth, there is a metabolism and energy within communities and across the globe.There are short and long food chain, they form a power supply:
- forest grass → rabbit → Fox;
- nectar and pollen of flowers → → bee honey buzzard (poultry);
- clover → calf → people.
value of green plants in nature and human life - participation in the cycle of water, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other compounds.For example, multicellular beings are not able to assimilate nitrogen molecules from the air and soil.Element is essential for the creation of protein - essential "building material" and nutrients.
on the roots of leguminous plants formed nodules consisting of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.They absorb nitrogen contained in the air which fills the voids in the soil, it is converted into compounds available for leguminous plants.This symbiosis - useful cooperation of various living creatures.When the plants die, the soil is enriched by nitrogen compounds, they can be absorbed by living roots.For a man legumes - an important source of protein.In agriculture, they are used as green manure.
Green plants and composition of air
value of plants in nature and human life is very diverse.Thus, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and transpiration (water vapor leaves the selection) affect the composition of the air.Evaporation green body helps protect against overheating.Thanks to the plants, the air is fresh, clean, cool and moist:
- green cells absorb the light from the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and produce oxygen;
- leaf transpiration able to regulate the amount of water vapor in the ambient air;
- plants retain dust, soot and other contaminants that are harmful to humans;
- volatile allocated leaves detrimental effect on pathogens.
cognitive significance of plants in human life
Fossils spores, pollen, leaf prints and petrified wood allow scientists to figure out what was the nature millions of years ago, to draw conclusions about the change of life on Earth.According to the annual rings in the wood can be seen on the climate over the years.There are plants, barometers, they bloom in the sunshine and the flowers close to the bad weather.On leaves calla, balsam appear before the rain water droplets.Plants are often used in the experiments of the representatives of different branches of science.For example, ecologists studying the chemical composition of cells and tissues, are judged on the pollution of the environment.
Plants serve as material for plant breeding, to study ways of transmission of hereditary information.There are curious cases, when the plants are inadvertently used in the experiments and made important discoveries.For example, the Englishman Robert Boyle accidentally discovered indicators dropping chemicals on the garden in a vase of violets.Plants serve as a prototype for creating complex technical devices, engineering structures (bionics).
Plants Industry Green
cells act as accumulators of solar energy.It is stored in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.Forests cover the earth in the distant geological epochs, have given rise to deposits of coal.By fossil products of photosynthesis also include oil, peat, natural gas, oil shales.
Plant diversity, the importance of plants in human life associated with the wide application in food, timber-chemical, pulp and paper, textile, pharmaceutical and other industries.Food timber - a valuable raw material for the production of furniture, building materials, the hydrolysis of alcohol, camphor and other substances.According to conservative estimates, humanity knows of 20 thousand. Methods of using wood.The most ancient - incineration to generate heat, the construction of buildings, fences, production of paper.
valuable raw material for the industry is fiber crops (cotton, flax, jute, hemp, etc.).The source of natural rubber is a tropical tree Hevea.Perfumes, cosmetics can not do without aromatic plants.
Agriculture and landscaping
value of plants in human life associated with the use of food for food, decorations settlements and facilities.By type of agricultural use of the following groups:
- cereals (wheat, rice, barley, rye, corn, etc.);
- legumes (peas, soybeans, beans);
- fruit (apple, cherry, currant, raspberry and others);
- sugar (sugar cane, sugar beet);
- vegetables (tomato, cucumber, pepper and others);
- oilseeds (sunflower, canola, flax);
- decorative (lilac, rose, chrysanthemum, aster, etc.).
Grains and legumes
nutritional value of plants in human life can not be overestimated.Scientists estimate that about 2/3 of the diet of the population in different countries make up herbal products.Useful substances include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, organic acids.
Plants are eaten fresh or processed as a whole or only their parts.A large concentration of nutrients featured in cereals.It is a versatile source of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.From grains get flour for baking bread, produce pasta and cereal products.Prized in cooking and dietary seeds of leguminous plants.
Vegetable, fruit and sugar crops
plants accumulate organic compounds in reserve in the fruit, bulbs and tubers, at least - in the stems, leaves and roots.The value of life and plants in human nutrition is determined by a set of compounds that are stored in the juicy parts.Most cell juice with vitamins and other dissolved substances contained in the fruit, bulbs, tubers and leaves, vegetables, fruit trees and berry crops.
During cooking destroys some valuable substances such as vitamins.Therefore, doctors, nutritionists recommend to consume more fresh fruits and vegetables.There are groups of people, completely switched to the power plants - vegetarians and vegans.
value of plants in human life lies in the richness of vitamin set.The fruit, leaves, roots and seeds contain many important connections.Most vitamins in plants that belong to groups A, B, C, E and K. These are substances that regulate metabolism in the green body and also in the human body, animal.The absence or lack of biological catalyst leading to diseases.For example, a lack of vitamin C, which is rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, causes damage to gums and around the human body - scurvy.Fight with hypo-and vitamin complex, it is easier to prevent these undesirable conditions, consuming fresh vegetable products.
of crops, which accumulate in the bodies of a large number of sweet juice;it is concentrated, and evaporated to give sugar.Fatty acids seeds and fruits are important as constituents of food oils.Wine, beer, coffee, tea, cocoa and fruit juices prepared from fruits, berries, vegetables, seeds and leaves.
Herbs
In addition to these trends, characterizing the role of plants in human life, there is an alternative medicine that uses wild and cultivated species.Herbs contain important from a medical point of view, the connection:
- alkaloids and glycosides - have a regulating effect on the activity of organs and systems;
- tannins - astringent and antimicrobial properties;
- vitamins and minerals - essential for metabolism;
- essential oils - have anti-inflammatory and disinfecting effect;
- organic acids - affect digestion, skin, hair;
- flavonoids - regulate the strength of the blood vessels;
- volatile - act against microbes.
Thus, the role of plants in human life lies in the ability to synthesize substances necessary for life.Medicines derived from plant material, are softer, rarely have side effects, compared with synthetic compounds.Medicinal properties are inherent to hundreds of species of flora, especially appreciated the following types:
- European birch (buds, leaves, bark, juice);
- cinnamon rose (false fruit);
- plantain (leaves);
- valerian (root);
- chamomile (inflorescences);
- small-leaved lime (flowers).
plants is unthinkable without the existence of mankind, so the world needs a green decoration in the rational use, respect and renewal.
