podzolic soils formed under the influence of podzolic process.Maximum its effect is manifested in the coniferous forest.
Here there are all necessary conditions for its passage: water regime flush reaction - acid-resistant, aggressive organic acids.
Forest litter represented mainly fiber, tannins and lignin, the reaction it - sour, but the nitrogen and contains enough calcium.It decomposed mainly fungi, and it promotes the formation of corrosive fulvic acids.In addition, the topsoil exposed to vigorous leaching of soluble compounds and profound destruction of soil minerals.During these processes, degradation products dissolved, and together with acids and water are omitted below.
As a result - segregated podzolic or eluvial horizon in which the little battery plant, sesquioxides of aluminum and iron, silt particles, but a lot of crystalline quartz (SiO2) and amorphous silica (SiO2 • H2O), which this horizon,It owes its light gray color, resembling the color of ash.
Some of the substances that have been washed out of the podzolic horizon and litter, are fixed below eluvial layer and form a horizon washout - illuvial layer.It has a lot of colloidal particles of clay and oxides of iron and aluminum, phosphorus compounds and some of humus.The color of this horizon is often reddish-brown.
certain number of substances that have been washed from the upper reaches of soil and groundwater and soil profile is lost.So, the essence of podzolic process is manifested in the destruction of minerals top of the soil under the influence of acid reaction and the subsequent redistribution of the products of their destruction of the entire profile.It is also believed that this process may take place in conjunction with lessivage (removal of the upper soil layers of clay particles without destroying their structure).
Podzolic soils have the following structure Profile: A 2 O + A + B + C
AO - a litter thickness of 3 - 5 centimeters, which consists of partly decomposed and undecomposed remains of moss, lichen, pine needles,pieces of bark and the like.
A 2 - is eluvial or podzolic layer of whitish or whitish-gray, has a fragile stratified-platy structure or unstructured at all, no more than the thickness of a quarter of a meter.
B - illuvial is reddish-brown or brown coat, dense, having a prismatic or blocky, thick up to a meter, it can be divided into subhorizons - B 1, B 2 and so on.
C - parent rock is represented mostly calcareous clay or loam.On the border of the forest floor and the podzolic horizon can select the layer A 0 A 1, a thickness of 2 - 3 cm, consisting of well-decomposed litter the bottom of the colored substances or humus layer of the upper mineral Profile A 1 A 2.
podzolic soil on their propertiesunfavorable for growing crops.Humus horizon there is practically no reaction - strongly acidic (pH = 4.0-4.5), its absorbing capacity - from 3 to 15 mg • eq / 100 grams of soil, which is quite small.In addition, podzolic soils are saturated with low bases - from 30 to 40%.
nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and other well enough.Podzolic soils are structureless, swim after rain, dense enough to form a crust after drying.All this has a negative effect on the plant.
For the cultivation of land, they should be limed, pay higher rate of both organic and mineral fertilizers.Podzolic soils need to plow to a depth of 24 centimeters, and provide them with the processing of all the rules.
