In order to accurately understand the essence of the world economy, it is necessary to know what the structure of the world economy.It is a complex dynamic mechanism, consisting of numerous macroeconomic elements.
structure of the world economy includes sectoral and cross-sectoral components, associations, enterprises, regions and systems.They create major proportions in the production and consumption of GDP.Because of the relationship between these components and it is the economic structure of the world economy.The stable development of the world economy is impossible without the optimum development of the economic structure.
the whole structure of the world economy, as well as its national varieties - the notion of a vast and diversified.It includes the following sub-structures: sectoral, territorial, reproductive, functional and socio-economic.
territorial structure shows how economic activity is distributed between the various countries and territories.
Reproduction structure consists of parts such as the accumulation, consumption, export.It is a reflection of the state of the national economy, as the bias in favor of one of the components indicates the correct position of things in the economy.For example, if 100% of industrial GDP is only for consumption, it indicates the unstable economic situation in the country.The optimal ratio of consumption / savings / exports will be 70% / 25% / 5%.These proportions contribute to the development of export-import relations and minimize social tensions.
functional structure reflects the balance of military and civilian production, which is very important for the socio-economic situation of the country.Based on international experience, it can be argued that the higher the proportion of military production, the worse the economic situation in the country.To date, the cost of military production hamper the development of many countries.The optimal number of defense spending is 1-2% of GDP.Anything above 6%, leading to degradation of the peaceful production and economic recession.
socio-economic structure characterizes the relationship between the types of socio-economic structure.Type of lifestyle is dependent on the type of property, only a few of their release: clan-communities (without private property), the feudal (there feudal property), small-scale commodity (small business) and capitalism (which is inherent in large-scale industry, private capital and monopolies).
Sectoral structure of the world economy consists of a collection of business units, which were formed in the process of division of labor and production conditions vary.Macroeconomic analysis highlights the following main groups: industrial, agro-industrial (or agricultural), construction, manufacturing and non-manufacturing (services).In turn, these sectors may be divided into subtypes.For example, the industry is divided into mining and manufacturing.
Today, the world economy and its structure is characterized by a predominance of the share of services.In the US and the UK, it reached 80% in Japan and Canada - 70%, in Germany, Italy and France - about 60%.At the same time reduced the share of agriculture and industry is not more than 25-30% of GDP.Such trends are explained by the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, which has given rise to the formation of new industries and the service sector.
former Soviet countries have about the same level of development.The economy of such countries is characterized by a high share of agriculture and industry and, consequently, low services.
In developing countries, agriculture's share exceeds the share of the industry.Their ratio is about 20-35% and 10-25% respectively.
