Past experience shows that to change some other energy sources requires nearly a century.So, the tree was replaced with coal, coal - oil, oil - gas, and replace chemical fuels, nuclear energy has come.The starting point of the history of mastering the latest type of energy can be considered as 1939, when opened the fission of uranium.It was then that Kurchatov was the necessity of carrying out research related to nuclear energy.
After seven years in Russia have built and launched the first nuclear reactor, while still experimental.And started to develop uranium mining industry, the purpose of which was the production of plutonium-239 and uranium-235 (the nuclear fuel, which require nuclear power plants).
in 1954 launched a nuclear power plant in Obninsk.The fact that a nuclear power plant, the world did not know.
Three years later, it was launched on the legendary icebreaker "Lenin", which became the world's first nuclear ship.
took a decade and a half for the large-scale development of nuclear power.Now nuclear power plants built around the world.
energy - the engine, the cornerstone.Almost all by civilization benefits from light bulbs to the elementary devices, space research, require a certain energy consumption.And the cheapest energy supply today is nuclear power.The energy of the atom eventually use absolutely all sectors of the modern economy.It is used in biology, medicine, agriculture, metallurgical industry, machine building and others.
Almost all Russian nuclear power plants are built in densely populated areas.The operation of such power stations is now 10 (32 unit, in terms of - the construction of 26 more reactors, the two - floating).In the 30-kilometer zone, adjacent to it, is home to around 5 million. People.
strength of indisputable advantages of nuclear power plants is great, but can not be ignored and cons.
For hydropower requires the creation of large reservoirs that flooded vast tracts of fertile land at the river banks.Water stagnates, loses quality, exacerbated, in turn, other problems related to water supply, fisheries, leisure industry.But the main thing is still - environmental problems.Heat power stations is gradually destroying the environment of the Earth's biosphere.It seems to be trouble-free operation of NPP rule out various kinds of pollution.But somehow hold back the heat, it's also a kind of pollution.Around the world, built more than a hundred nuclear power plants, and only 10% of nuclear power - in Russia, in each power plant - more reactors.The product works reactors - Radioactive waste is potentially dangerous.Of course, the small amount of waste stored "working out" in special containers, like not leak.And some countries (Russia in Vol. H.) Even recycle these wastes, but the risk still remains, so - remains a cause for concern.
Since the launch of the first nuclear power plant were more than a hundred different severity of incidents.Although the term "varying seriousness" is perhaps inappropriate - can have irreversible consequences of any, even minor malfunctions NPP ...
