Basics of law - the foundation on which to build most of the existing relations and interactions among members of society, countries and organizations.They are the main indicators of the civilization in which life is subject to certain laws.By and large, the foundations of law are the measure of determining the maturity and consistency of the state, society as a whole.They appeared at the dawn of history, and has become an integral feature of defining a measure of responsibility and the extent of human freedom.
in our country in the history of its existence the right foundation experienced a series of metamorphoses.Initially in Russia, as well as in any other country, guided by the traditions of the tribal community.Not considered savagery, such as a blood feud or murder commoner.Basics of Criminal Law of the Russian state was first found in the so-called "Russian Truth", dating from the mid-XI-XII centuries.Differences between the crime criminal or civil it did not exist, and any atrocity was referred to as "insult", from which we can conclude that the penalty was assessed more on an emotional level rather than legal.
With the development of the state and change of structure of society appeared and better instruments, including the Law in the mid XV - beginning of XVI centuries, Catholic Code of the middle of XVII century, as well as Peter Marking military, which can be considered as the first criminal code.In this document the crimes were divided into a number of categories, the concept of unintentional crime, demarcated criminal acts against the person and against the state as a whole.This is where the first spoke on the need to clarify the causes of death and tracing causality.
Fundamentals of family law in our country have also gone quite a long way.Pre-Christian Russia was guided by ancient traditions.Fundamentals of law in this area are reflected in the "Kormchaia" - translation of the Byzantine princes.The church wedding was made in the XI century and, unlike the Catholic branch of Christianity, Orthodox Russia allowed the possibility of divorce.
marriages with representatives of other faiths were banned.Surprisingly, but in ancient Russia a woman could be the owner of the property.With regard to relations between fathers and sons, in this period the legality of origin of the child did not matter much, as opposed to later rule the middle of XVII century, when the bastard did not recognize even if the parents marry after his birth.
As a basis of criminal rights, family relations were arranged in the era of Peter.It was in this period strengthens the role of secular canons, which are reflected in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire.A significant role is given to voluntary marriage.Orthodox could start a family with representatives of other Christian denominations, increasing the age limit, after which it was possible to be a husband or wife.If previously married could be girls aged 13 and boys of 15 years, then mention the Code of 16 and 18, respectively.Unlimited power a man becomes more civilized.From the middle of the tenth century XI prohibits physical punishment of his wife and children.
