economic reforms in Russia has for almost 20 years, have led to radical changes not only in economy but also in the life of the country as a whole.There has been a transition to a new political system, the new principles of planning in many spheres of public life, and came to replace the state-owned public-corporate.It was created almost a new financial system of the country and did a great job on the way to an open economy.However, side effects are still stood out the negative socio-economic phenomena: poverty, low salaries, a significant differentiation of the material situation of citizens.
To solve all these social and economic problems is vital to long-term planning, which will ensure the sustainable development of the economy.According to the current concept of this development can and must be achieved by switching to a new, modern planning principles, to an innovative economy, not being built on natural resources and on the use of human knowledge, new technologies and innovation.
estimated domestic researchers in the economies of Western countries there is a steady downward trend in the volume of research in the field of armaments and war production and accelerated growth of investment in basic research.Russia at the start of economic reforms, as the successor and heir to the Soviet Union, the world has a powerful scientific and technical complex, but almost the whole complex was separated from the civilian economy and the consumer market as a whole.The main specialization, given the realities of the "cold war" was aimed at the maintenance and development of the military industrial complex of the country.This meant that almost all scientific discoveries in the high-tech sector, planning principles used in the segment of social production, viewed through the prism of the applicability in the MIC.Most of the innovations implemented in the country focused on the development and production of weapons and not to civilian production.
obvious negative aspect was vybrakovyvanie a large number of technologies that are not related to the military-industrial complex, and the whole perspective directions and have not received adequate attention from scientists, as obviously not applicable to the needs of the military industry.Cumulative and probably one of the main features of today's high-tech market in Russia is a structural mismatch amount of high technology, realized in the defense industry and the almost complete absence in the civil sector.This transition to the new principles of planning the development of the industry and is designed to eliminate this imbalance.
Another disturbing feature of the Russian high-tech market is the reduction of human capital.Meanwhile, if we consider the importance of new technologies in innovative production, including high-tech markets, the dominant source of wealth in the world are knowledge and skills.Thus, according to the World Bank, almost two hundred countries in physical capital (cash tangible assets) is on average 16% of the total wealth, the value of the natural potential is estimated at 20%, but the value of human capital is 64%.Today in Russia, these figures are, respectively, 14.72 and 14%, and in Germany, Japan and Sweden - 80%.Russia, having enormous natural resources (27% of the world's resources), including 11% of the world's renewable resources, has only 8% of human capital, of which is used only about 3%, while for the USA this figure is 285%, for European countries - 50%.
to reverse this trend is difficult, but possible.Properly selected and timely certain stages of planning the development of the military industrial complex and the optimal investment in this area, it can provide a restructuring of industrial capacity in line with modern trends.
