New York one of the twenty most influential and major cities in the world.The degree of development of this metropolis can be judged by the standard of living, population density, as well as a huge influence on financial markets around the world.New York - the oldest and the largest financial center of the currency market in North America.It is the largest in the world and a major US stock exchange NYSE, which is rightly considered a symbol of financial power of the United States.
BACKGROUND NYSE
Until the end of the XVIII century broker profession as such does not exist.Dealers at the time were interested in trade deals more than securities.Sales and purchases made on the premises of hotels and coffee shops along Wall Street.Speculation in securities (CB) has become a leading activity of brokers only once in 1790 on the market it has been issued bonds guaranteed by the US government.Dealers who are interested in the goods, and brokers for the sale of the securities began to share their activities.The most common transactions in securities taking place under the sycamore tree that grew on Wall Street, near the house №68.Auctioneers and dealers sought to monopolize all transactions on securities sales, inflated fees, resulting in all the purchases and sales of shares and bonds, guaranteed by the state became unprofitable.
Started NYSE
first attempt to change the status quo was the meeting of the leading brokers in the lobby of the hotel «Corre's».In the end, May 17, 1792 the most respected brokers signed the famous "Agreement under the plane tree."The agreement was short, the objectives - transparent.In the initial trading transactions were conducted on three types of government securities and shares of the two banks.Brokers were allowed to sell securities only to each other, and the fees were fixed 0.25% of the transaction value.This agreement became the birth certificate of the New York Stock Exchange.
building NYSE
At the beginning of his work brokers rented a room for two hundred dollars.This is the first room, which is engaged in NYSE.Address of the financial institution listed as Wall Street, 40. In the nineteenth century Stock Exchange burned several times, changed his address.For two centuries, its profits increased so much that in 1903, the administration was able to design and build a house exchange.The architect became George Post.Initially, the NYSE building was a house, like a Greek temple, with ornate pediment and the six columns on the facade.The total amount of work amounted to 4 million. Dollars. Later, another 22 were overbuilt floors, which housed the new trading floor of the financial mechanism, which boasts New York.Stock Exchange, whose address is 11 Wall Street, known to any of the Americans and visitors alike.The room assignment until 1978.After that, the New York stock exchange NYSE moved to other addresses, and the building became a national treasure of the United States.
The history of the emergence of the national flag on the pediment of the main body of the exchange.Because of the Great Depression, many impoverished owners of shares committed suicide by jumping from the windows of the building.After this, the administration has set the iron bars on the windows.To a solid financial institution did not look like a prison, it was decided to close these lattice national flag of the United States.
Currently, the NYSE building is closed for visiting, but New York visitors eagerly taking pictures of the old building at the intersection of Broad Street and Wall Street, which was a New York Stock Exchange.Photos of the house known to tourists from around the world.
NYSE in the twentieth century
During its existence the New York Stock Exchange experienced a lot of ups and downs.Several times bids on it were suspended, for example, in October 1929 due to the beginning of the "Great Depression" in October 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average experienced the deepest fall.It became unsuccessful and October 2012, when the market stopped its work due to the approaching hurricane "Sandy."Currently, its activities are regulated and supervised by a special body - the State Commission on Securities and Exchange Commission.This Stock Exchange of New York has developed and implemented the Dow Jones index, which is the most important parameter quotes Central Bank.
NYSE today
Since 1975, the New York Stock Exchange granted the status of non-profit organization whose assets are owned 1,366 individuals.Places on the stock exchange could be bought and sold.To date, the cost of space member of the corporation is about 3 million. USD. The youngest broker in the history of the stock exchange - William J. thirty. O'Neill.He has created a daily database of the US central bank.It happened in the 60 years of the twentieth century.
NYSE differs from other stock exchanges that are very meticulously applies to companies, which are deals to its Central Bank.Those firms must comply with the listing requirements.These conditions - some of the most severe among the other stock exchanges in the world.Companies that have been listed, are considered the most reliable.Currently, the conditions meet the NYSE listing in 2800 world-class companies, and only 450 of them are registered in the United States do not.In the slang of brokers such firms are called "blue chips".
How the NYSE?
Settled financial mechanism ezhemenutno determines the cost of different companies anywhere in the world - that is what is now New York Stock Exchange.Hours institutions from 9:30 to 16:00 (New York time).Work exchanges are profiled specialists Specialists.Employees are responsible for the order of NYSE trading on the stock exchange and liquidity support.Specialist serves as an intermediary in transactions between buyers and sellers, is launching the sales process.In the case of an imbalance between supply and demand, the specialist has the right to use the money to keep the company's value of securities.In addition, experts exchanges are open book - tape quotes various securities in real time, perform the application and order the owners and buyers of securities.
Besides professionals, the exchange was attended by such brokers:
- individuals representing the companies from the list Listed companies;
- individuals representing mutual and pension private funds Institutional investors;
- persons who individually invested securities;
- independent brokers (Independent Brokers), which place orders of their clients;
- individuals representing brokerage houses, and leading bids on behalf of some brokerage firms NYSE Member Brokerage firms;
- brokers "on the floor» Floor Brokers.They are specialists who are entrusted to them in shares trading.Currently on the floor there are twenty-exchange positions, each of which has up to thirty sectors.One broker is about thirty shares.As a rule, a broker on the floor - a specialist who has a great experience working on the stock exchange.
modern activity stock exchange NYSE is international.From the success of NYSE dependent economies of many countries, including such large as China and Russia.The competitiveness of a country, its role in the common global processes depends on the success and profitability of the leading companies in this country.And the activity NYSE, as well as other stock exchanges of the world, it is aimed at the development of the world economy as a whole, not dividing the company and shares of the continents and countries.
