Australian Aborigines - the indigenous inhabitants of the continent.The entire nation separate from other racially and linguistically.Indigenous people are also known as the Australian bushmen."Bush" means the vast space with an abundance of shrubs and low trees.These areas are common to several regions of Australia and Africa.
General
indigenous population speaks the language of the Australian.Only some of it - in English.Australian aborigines inhabit mainly areas that are located far outside the city.They can be found in Central, North-West, North and Northeast parts of the continent.A certain part of the native population lives in cities.
New data
For a long time it was assumed that the Tasmanian Aborigines have evolved separately from other Australian tribes.It was assumed that it lasted at least several thousand years.Results of current research show otherwise.It was found that the Tasmanian Aboriginal language has many common words with other adverbs Australian southern tribes.According to race these tribes are allocated in a separate group.They are considered the Australian branch Australoid race.
Anthropology
On this basis the aborigines of Australia, the photo that is presented in the article are of the same type of characteristic.He has certain peculiarities.Australian Aborigines have expressed features typical Negroid complex.The peculiarity of Bushman considered sufficiently massive skull.It is also the hallmark of a developed tertiary hair.It is now well established that Australian Aborigines are descended from the same race.However, this does not exclude the possibility of the influence of others.For the period of the spread of mixed marriages was a typical phenomenon.In addition, it should be noted that the migration waves on the continent has been a few.Between them there was a significant time interval.It was found that prior to the period of European colonization in Australia lived a huge number of Aboriginal people.More precisely - more than six hundred different tribes.Each of them communicate in their own language and dialect.
Living Australian Aborigines
Bushmen do not have homes or homes, they have no domesticated animals.Aborigines do not use clothes.They live in separate groups, whose composition may include up to sixty people.Australian Aborigines have even elementary tribal organization.They also have no set of simple skills that distinguish humans from animals.For example, they are unable to fish, to make the dishes, to sew clothes for themselves and others.And yet, now is able to do even those tribes who live in the wilds of Africa.In the XIX century carried out relevant studies.Then scientists came to the conclusion that the aborigines of Australia is in a certain boundary between animals and humans.This is due to blatant savagery of their existence.Currently, the aborigines of Australia - is representative of the most backward nation.
number of indigenous people
It is a little more than four hundred thousand people.Of course, this is old data, because the census was carried out about ten years ago.This number includes those Aboriginal people who live on the islands of the Torres Strait.The indigenous population - about twenty-seven thousand people.Local natives are different from other Australian groups.First of all, this is due to cultural characteristics.They have many features in common with the Papuans and Melanesians.Currently, most of the Australian Aborigines living through charity funds and state aid.Methods livelihoods have almost completely lost.Accordingly, the class gathering, fishing and hunting are absent.At the same time, a certain part of the natives, living on the islands of the Torres Strait, has a hand in farming.Traditional religious beliefs persist.The following types of Aborigines:
- Barrineansky.
- Karpentariysky.
- Myurreysky.
development to European intervention
exact date of settlement of Australia has not yet been established.It is assumed that this occurred several thousand years ago.The ancestors of the Australians came from Southeast Asia.They managed to overcome some ninety kilometers of water hazards.Dear served as Pleistocene continental shelf.On the continent there dingo.Most likely, this is due to an additional influx of immigrants who arrived by sea about five thousand years ago.This is due to the appearance of the stone industry.Before the intervention of European racial type and culture of Australian Aborigines could boast of breakthroughs in the evolution.
period of colonization
Europeans arrived here in the XVIII century.At that time, the number of Australian Aborigines was approximately two million people.They are united in groups.The composition of the Australian population was quite diverse.As a result, the continent has been more than five hundred tribes.All of them are distinguished by a complex social organization.Each tribe had its own rituals and myths.Australian Aborigines spoke more than two hundred languages.The period of colonization was accompanied by the deliberate destruction of the indigenous population.Australian Aborigines were deprived of their territories.They were driven in an environmentally disadvantaged areas of the continent.The outbreak has contributed to a sharp decline in their numbers.In 1921, the population density of Australia, especially the indigenous, was not more than sixty thousand people.In the future, government policy changed.We started to create protected reservation.Authorities organized medical and material assistance.The combination of these actions largely contributed to the fact that the density of the population of Australia increased.
subsequent development
such thing as "Australian citizen" did not exist until the beginning of 1949.British subjects considered most of the locals.It was issued the relevant law, according to which all indigenous people became Australian citizens.Everyone born in this territory after that date, it was already a citizen automatically.In 90 years, the number of Australian Aborigines was about two hundred and fifty thousand people.It's only a half percent of the total population of the continent.
Mythology
Aboriginal Indigenous Australians believed that being is not limited to physical reality.The natives believed that there is a world inhabited by their spiritual ancestors.They believed that physical reality resonates with him.And so they have each other mutual influence.There was a belief that heaven is a place where both these worlds.On the motion of the moon and the sun affect the action of spiritual ancestors.It was also believed that they can influence and a living person.A huge role in Aboriginal mythology play celestial bodies, stars, and so on. D. Archaeologists and historians for a long time engaged in the study of fragments containing drawings of the Bushmen.So far it is not clear that it was portrayed rock paintings.In particular, whether it is celestial objects or some pictures from everyday life?Aborigines possessed some information about the sky.It is found that they tried to use celestial bodies to implement the calendar.Nevertheless, there is no information that he was somehow connected with the lunar phases.It is also known that attempts to use celestial objects to navigate not.
