organelles cells are permanent structures, which provide the performance of specific functions in the course of its activity - growth and development division and multiplication, etc.Eukariticheskie (nuclear) cells of plants and animals have a similar structure and almost identical set of organelles and prokaryotic (non-nuclear) cells have a primitive structure and deprived of many organelles.
organelles cells, depending on the presence of membrane components are divided into nemembrannye and mebrannye.By nemembrannym are organelles: ribosomes and centrioles and organelle movement (microfilaments and microtubules).Ribosomes are rounded or elongated body consisting of two units - large and small.By joining together, form the ribosome polysomes.This organelle present in cells of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Ribosomes play a very important role, since they collect proteins from amino acids.Centrioles - hollow cylinders, which consist of triplets and microtubules.Centrioles form the center of the cell that is involved in cell division.Organelles movement is a hollow tube or filament, which may occur in a free form in the cytoplasm or be part of flagella cilia spindle.
membrane organelles cells are divided into single and dvumembrannye.By odnomembrannym include EPS (endoplasmic membrane), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes vacuole (seen in single-celled plants and animals).
endoplasmic reticulum - an extensive network of canals and cavities that permeate the entire cell.It is divided into smooth and rough.Smooth EPS contains enzymes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.Rough CSE involved in protein synthesis, which occurs in the ribosomes attached thereto.
device (complex) Golgi apparatus is a stack of cavities that are connected to the EPS.He is actively involved in metabolism and in the formation of lysosomes.
Lysosomes - small rounded calf filled with an enzyme that is capable, if necessary, to break down "broken" organelles and whole cells.A protective function.
Dvumembrannye cell organelles - mitochondria and plastids are unique to plants.Their feature - the presence of two membranes, the outer and inner.External (foreign) exchange membrane serves as a connection between these organelles and other components of the cell and the inner membrane forms folds, the space between them is filled with matrix - liquid substance.Inner folds called cristae mitochondria and plastids -hloroplastov - faces.These cell organelles contain RNA and DNA.Mitochondria synthesize ATP, which later serves as a source energii.Funktsiya plastids will depend on their color - colorless (or leucoplasts) stockpile carbohydrates, such as starch;yellow, orange, red (or chromoplasts) - give color flowers and fruits;green chloroplasts - provide the synthesis of ATP and carbohydrates.
main organelles cells partially eaten together cytoplasm and membrane form a single integrated system.
