blood in the human body performs many functions, it protects us, carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues, and carries them to carbon dioxide.Called arterial blood that contains oxygen, it also carries the name of oxygenated.Accession so that the gas is desired organism to erythrocytes, which contain in the molecule a specific protein, heme, which includes iron.Anatomy is proven that the arterial blood flow in the arteries, and then, giving oxygen, it becomes venous and flows through the veins.
arteries and their functions
arteries are called vessels, which flows arterial blood.And they are only on her heart.The largest vessel of the human body, in which blood is flowing, oxygen-rich, is the aorta, the adult healthy person its diameter is 2.5 centimeters.Small artery can reach only 0.1 millimeters.Directly next to a branch of the aorta of the heart is rich in elastic fibers, they soften the pulse wave which gives the heart and arterial blood flows forth evenly through the vessels.In this way, oxygen is gradually transformed into the fabric.Next vessel walls become less elastic and acquire greater density, primarily due to the presence of muscle fibers.The arteries are linked to other arteries, it is called collaterals, by clogging them with the blood of one vessel can go on another.Each organ of the human body is constantly waiting for the oxygen, which is so necessary in the processes of energy metabolism.The main function of the arteries is the delivery of blood to him as soon as possible.The red blood cells a lot of oxygen, so the color of arterial blood - bright red, and when it has cut vessels fountain, primarily due to the pressure that is in them.
almost invisible, but essential
all the mysteries transition oxygen to the tissues is carried out in the capillaries, is the finest vessels, where the exchange of oxygen into carbon dioxide.If the body is all right, the capillaries are not visible, but may appear in the pathology of the capillary mesh.Capillary length of not more than a millimeter, and its clearance is such that it allows only one red blood cells.In the body of a huge number of these vessels, they are called the capillary network.
What happens to the oxygen in the tissues?
In the body, oxygen is involved primarily in the mitochondrial oxidation processes.During the transformation of organic substances, and as a result, energy is produced, which is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate), this substance is a universal sole energy source.Carbon dioxide, which is formed during the metabolism in tissues, getting into the blood, making it venous.Such blood flowing through the veins, and getting into the lungs, carbon dioxide excreted in the environment.
Arterial and venous
Definitely can not say that in the arteries of the arterial blood flow, and in the veins - venous.Indeed the arteries carry blood from the heart the arterial.But it is only in relation to the systemic circulation, but in a small quite the opposite.In pulmonary arterial blood veins.Why in the veins?It's very simple, because the veins - the vessels that carry blood to the heart, but arteries - from him.The arteries of the pulmonary venous blood flow.
gas composition
In order to understand how the lungs perform their functions, and the amount of oxygen containing arterial blood gas composition determination is performed.Outside the acid-base balance will provide additional information that will reveal the secrets of the kidney, or the presence of infection in the body.An analysis of the gas composition will allow adequately and effectively pick up oxygen or oxygen therapy.
Before analyzing
Before you determine gas composition of human blood, it is necessary to test Allen.It will help to understand what functional condition at the moment of the circulatory system.The essence of it is very simple and consists in the fact that the test is necessary to clamp the ulnar or radial artery, located in the wrist.Do this for as long as a hand, or rather his hand, he does not become pale.Next is to let the vessels, blood circulation is restored, and the palm should be pink or red for no more than five seconds.Further it is possible to determine the gas composition, blood for this is taken from a vein.The degree of saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen depends on the temperature of the body acid-base balance, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.If the partial pressure drops below 60 mm Hg, it is possible to judge decrease in oxygen saturation of erythrocytes.After that should produce hemostasis, this tightly pressed wool or bandage which is removed no earlier than 30-60 minutes.
