The variety of marine life can surprise people.Today there are several thousand species of fish found in the seas and oceans.Against this background, stands one kind that belongs to Salmoniformes.This is due to the fact that fish belonging to this family are not entirely sea.After all, part of their life is spent in the seas, and the other - in the rivers.
Origin and description
Salmon belong to the same group, which appeared for a long time: according to some sources, its ancestors originated on Earth millions of years ago.Although its present form they took much later.It is believed that belongs to the family of about fifty species.
length salmon can reach even up to two meters.At the same time there are also those species that are small enough - just twenty or thirty centimeters.The weight of the fish - is also a serious indicator.For example, these types of salmon, trout or salmon as the reach seventy kilograms.
Their structure as close as possible to the Clupeiformes.Body laterally compressed, characterized by the presence of the lateral line.In the middle of the belly fins located multipath, while on the pectoral no spiny rays.Characteristics of salmon - a spot that is his "calling card."Even the name itself, which has an Indo-European root meaning "covered with spots."
Types
This family includes enough variations.Among them - a river or lake trout, for example, Sevan trout, Atlantic, a brilliant representative of which is salmon, Siberian, loaches, and, of course, the Pacific and the Far East salmon - pink salmon, chum salmon, and so on. D.
differ salmon speciesand lifetime.It is based on a different time of their period of existence of freshwater.Hence, the difference between species - for complex and dramatically simplified the age structure.Salmon - This fish is easy to change the way of life, their appearance and coloring change depending on the conditions.Meat
this marine life is excellent in taste, so many kinds of steel objects for salmon fishing.
Pacific salmon
This kind of in our country know by another name.This - the Far Eastern salmon.His family includes six members who die after spawning.Most often in the Russian Far East salmon found on the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island.Far salmon monocyclic.Soon after spawning in fresh water, the fish dies.
Far East salmon found throughout the northern waters of the Pacific, including Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk to the Bering Sea.It does not form large clusters, and is held in the upper layers, usually up to ten-depth.The food is very diverse salmon.This may be a small pelagic fish and fry it, crustaceans, pteropods, small squid, worms, sometimes even jellyfish and ctenophores.Fish of the genus in the Far East during the life of the sea is covered with silvery scales easily decreasing.At the same teeth on the jaws no.
This kind of pass, spawning in fresh water and feed in the sea.Known representatives of six different - it is salmon, red, chum, chinook, coho and Sim.Far salmon spawn only once in his entire short life, dying after spawning.
Designated spawning
Sexually mature males and females of the same age "worn" wedding attire.They are of particular body shape and coloring.For spawning they choose mostly deep sections of rivers where the swift current.This Far East salmon as chinook, uses very specific spawning locations.It can be a place to a roll having a sufficient depth, and before the fast-flowing water, especially in the upper reaches of the rivers in Kamchatka.
Far East salmon during spawning can go in the lake with sand and pebble soil with well underflow stream.In the small tributaries and upstream breeding pink and chum salmon, choosing areas downstream.
Features spawning
During migration to the spawning this fish does not eat.It exists solely through the reserves accumulated in the muscles, so it is depleted in the way.
Far East salmon during spawning buries the fertilized eggs in the soil, so lay it in places where it is not silted bottom, and covered with pebbles or gravel.The female is surrounded by one or more males, holding her head against the current, strong movements of the tail throwing ground.After spawning salmon observed mass death.Most individuals die exhausted already in place spawning, also applies to other over where they die on the way to the mouth.
Often bottom and river banks just closed a dead fish.In the Far East this phenomenon is called "snenkoy."In this abundant food going to the crows, gulls, and very different beast, until the bear.
Pink salmon
This is the most numerous representative of the Far Eastern salmon.Pink salmon is somewhat different from other species.For example, at its last fin has a black round spots, while the caudal peduncle much thicker.Moreover, pink salmon relatively small dimensions.This fish seldom grows larger than the length eighty centimeters, and the weight is up to five and a half kilograms.
Keta
As the number of the representative of the Far Eastern salmon is on the second stage after the pink salmon.However, chum characterized in that it has no specks in color of the body.In addition, and docked at the river for spawning practically leads to its striking external differences relating to the period of the marriage.However, the size of chum slightly more length of one meter and weight - up to fifteen kilograms.
«noble» view
This most famous salmon - salmon - reaches a length and a half meters, and weight - almost forty kilograms.The meat of this fish is valued highly enough, especially when it is already ozhirela before spawning.This species spends most of its life in the sea space.For example, the salmon in Karelia, where it occurs in the Onega and Ladoga lakes, may form a separate subspecies.In the sea salmon prefers to stay close to shore.
It has an elongated body with a very small scales silver.The back usually is darker with a bluish tinge.The fins are relatively short: while the dorsal and tail - gray with brownish tint, and the other - light.Head of salmon more elongated in a wide mouth set of strong teeth.Atlantic salmon, or salmon, as well as all other members of the species has a characteristic adipose fin.
Lenok
This fish is represented by two pronounced forms - tupo- and ostroryloy.They differ not only in their appearance, but also eating habits.For example, tuporylye prefer to eat only insect larvae, while ostrorylye - rodents.
Distributed Far East salmon flax in Siberia and the Far East in lakes and rivers.A lot of it and in Mongolia, as well as in western Korea and China.To the west of the Urals is none.Lenok prefers cold, fast flowing rivers, especially their upper reaches.
Large specimens live alone, those smaller, gather in flocks of a few.Flax grows to six or seven kilograms and ninety centimeters in length.
It grows slowly.The shape of its body like Curve - a small but dense scales bruskovatoe in appearance.Coloring Lenca expresses habitat of this fish: on the back and sides dark brown color with numerous dark spots.The abdomen is bright.
When the spawning maturity on the side parts of the body appear red flecks.Lenok can live up to fifteen years, reaching sexual maturity by the age of the fifth year.The salmon spawn at depths of up to six meters in May or June.
Taymen
This subspecies is found in almost all major rivers and lakes in the Altai, the Far East and Siberia.Taimen - a predator that grows to a length of one meter and a weight up to sixty kilograms.Among the other members of the fish of the genus Far East salmon - survivor, lives up to fifty-five years.Small items
sides are up to ten transverse dark stripes and dark specks x-shaped.During spawning trout's body is painted in a copper-red color.
this salmon lives exclusively in clean water and is considered the perfect predator.It feeds on fish, but sometimes are not averse to eat and swim across the river rats, squirrels, mice.
Taymen is not subject to fishing.He never travels in a pack, living in deep ducts or under the rifts in pairs or alone.The most catchability habitats are large trout basin of Lake Baikal, the Amur River, Yenisei and Lena.In the mountain rivers of southern Siberia and northern Sayan large specimens are caught rarely.Moreover, for many kilometers around major cities such as Yakutsk, Ulan-Ude, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk and others. Trout have not found.The quality of the meat of this fish is improving towards the north.
Atlantic salmon
Lifestyle of this family does not differ from that which is the Pacific or the Far East salmon.In this type including the Baltic, Caspian and Black Sea species, as well as salmon, trout from streams and lakes, and brown trout.The latter, in particular, prefer to live in the northern seas, although it differs a great affection for fresh water.Even when this kind of Atlantic salmon is in the sea areas, it continues to stay close to shore.As for the trout, the experts believe that it came from the trout.This is due to their resemblance.
