In the villages, who were on the territory of the Kargopol District (now Kargopol District of the Arkhangelsk region), since ancient times engaged in the creation of pottery household items.This case was the season - came to an end when the farm work, farmers could afford to do modeling pots.From clay waste create different crafts.Thus came the famous Kargopol toy.Originally this craft no one took seriously.Coloring products using the materials at hand.Basically, this was furnace black and lime.
What is it - a toy from clay?
Kargopol clay toys are figurines in the form of dogs, bears, fairy tale characters, stocky men with beards, spades, women with newborn babies, birds and other creatures.Despite this wide variety of forms, old Kargopol clay toys did not have bright colors, because the colors used as chalk, carbon black, and colored clay.Modern thing already has a more vibrant shades, but professionals tend not to do very colorful creations.Red, blue, green, white, black and ocher colors are the most popular shades for graffiti on products.
For the majority of toys are characterized by elements of the painting, like a cross, red large circles, rings.All of this ancient solar symbols.It is also used motifs petals plants ears bread and grains.
Authorship
In most cases, the names of the manufacturers of these gizmos are unknown.But there are some famous masters Kargopol toys, thanks to the creativity that has kept him in the craft and the characteristic elements have been introduced.
In the thirties of the last century in the village lived Grinevoj Druzhinin Ivan - descendant of potters.He was one of the most talented creators of clay toys.Today, people know his masterpieces of classical Kargopol.
Grinevoj was the birthplace of another famous masters, from the hands which appeared wonderful Kargopol toy.Name it - Babkin Ulyana Ivanovna.Starting the creation of toys back in the age of 15, Babkin continued his trade until his death.That she did not give end custom works fine souvenirs.It Ulyana Ivanovna has kept the image of a horse-Polkan, or as it is called, polihana.Centaur with a beard, which is the Polkan - one of the most beloved and popular images Kargopol clay toys.
Dynasty Sheveleva
toy from Kargopol its development owes much Shevelev.On the amazing gizmos is impossible to tell without mentioning these famous people.Rhode Sheveleva originates in the village Tokarev, who was a couple of kilometers from the Kargopol on Pudozhsky tract.Shevelev Aleksandr Petrovich gave life Kargopolsky branch department "Belomorskaya patterns", which produced toys.Today
deal ancestors inherited Shevelev Valentin Dmitrievich.It is engaged in recreating ancient techniques obvarki craft that involves placing feverish after firing toys in the so-called turbulence - thick solution based on flour.As a result, the surface of the products covered by decorative stains and spots of black.All this is possible thanks to the burnt flour.The Kargopol in 2003, was created by House Museum dynasty Sheveleva and Kargopol clay toys.
Baba
oldest Kargopol toy - a woman.Through a combination of quite ancient elements and their archaic user it relates to the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Paleolithic.In appearance resembles a figure of a woman idol made of stone, with a straight flat face.Historians believe that it represents the Great Mother, which presumably refers to the matriarchy of Paleolithic period.She later reincarnated as a symbol of Mother Earth, the main goddess of Nature.After some time the religious significance was lost toys, and it has become just a child's play and the peasant household accessory.
manufacturing women
figurine is molded on parts: the head and torso, arms, bell skirt and headdress.The trunk and a skirt attached to each other, squeezed both hands sausages, twisted them up in the form and also fixed.Headgear a kokoshnik or hats fasten the latest.This concludes the modeling.
Kargopol toy further needs to be painted.Babu was treated with lime, sometimes for this purpose, a solution based on the chalk and milk.Then he proceeded to master prorisovyvaniyu apron.It was filled with a variety of images of symbolic value.Thus, the wavy lines symbolize water and rain, lightning zigzags meant, showers and thunderstorms.Picture a cross in a circle symbolizing the sun, and the cross in the diamond - ground.Painting Kargopol toys in the form of a cross with dots meant sown field, and a variety of curls - it sprouts.Generally speaking, the whole symbolism of the above was related to a settled resident, plowman and a sower.
Polkan
special place in the history of Kargopol clay toy craft takes Polkan.Experts in the field of souvenir believe that the word "Polkan" comes from "polkonya."This toy comes after women.It is considered a curious and archaic, has many different meanings.Polkan - centaur, man-horse, wearing a beard and a hat.Sometimes he was portrayed with feeding women.In Polihane there is a very important symbol of the peasantry - the horse.He became the epitome of tillage, wealth, nobility and strength.
Polkan - a tiller, as the first Pahari was perceived as "people-horses."Beard - is evidence of maturity and broad chest - a symbol of his prime.What symbolizes the female breast?History Kargopol toy says it is a universal symbol of the peasants: the patron of the genus, family, the owner, keeper of the hearth.
Other figures
to other ancient images are images of animals.Please popular were the hares, later they were replaced by horses.The special pride of place occupied by a bear ("medvezhaha") with or without offspring.It could sculpt a variety of household objects such as a fish or a mirror in his paws.Bear - this is one of the first characters planety.K the most recent subjects Kargopol clay toys are images associated with rural life.Thus, the master sculpted three harnessed horses with riders.The men with long beards, holding an accordion, sandals or tube, peasant and ladies - all the inverse images of clay handicrafts.
Features Kargopol toys
Kargopol clay toys is quite archaic appearance.It has a recognizable style, facial features, and painting.This little thing can magnify truly national, as its performance is the most free.Conventionally, all the subjects of handicrafts can be divided into several categories: the first are archaic types, such as Keeper - the woman who keeps the pigeons in the hands, as well as horses and other animals Polkan.The second type are the Kargopol toy story articles, which show scenes from village life.Also this category souvenirs illustrates scenes from fairy tales.This may include compositions such as "Girl for washing," "Turnip" and others.
Kargopol toy traditional painting - a bleached hack, painted in different colors, but without causing unnecessary details and unnecessary gloss.Despite the fact that there are bright shades figure, it looks muted.The person signs is rather arbitrary.
About Kargopol toy today
Today, in addition to the classic images of wide popularity gained multi-figure compositions.Here there is movement and character, from the masters there is a desire to do everything as in real life.Potters installed themes and topics.For the most part this is the life of the peasants, their holidays and weekdays.It developed a great variety of new subjects that are relevant to the holiday dates, different exhibitions, events that take place in a particular city.
House Museum Sheveleva
Kargopol, Gagarin st, house №30 - in this old log building with green aprons are known throughout Russia House Museum Sheveleva.This ancestral home of the dynasty of famous masters Kargopol toys.There are two small rooms, which once accommodated Claudia Petrovna and Dmitry V. Shevelev.They raised three children - Valentina, Vladimir and Vitali.And they have given life to their children, who do not give gulf craft of their ancestors.When in late 2000, Dmitry Vasilyevich died, his heirs have proposed opening of the museum.This idea was supported by the district administration, and two years later the authorities gave the other half space for rent old Sheveleva.
Museum exhibits
In 2002, the estate Vladimir Shevelev arranged the exhibition hall of the summer, and in the front office at home, he organized a room for workshops.A year later, the brothers created Sheveleva exposure, but temporary.The official date of opening of the House-Museum is 13.06.2003 years.
In today Kargopol no permanent exhibition Kargopol toys, so the museum Sheveleva fills this gap.There are photographs, some family heirlooms, traditional household appliances that have been stuff is made on a potter's wheel and covered with glaze of lead.The decoration of the exhibition are objects painting three brothers.It will be interesting to the older generation and younger.
Here's a she - Kargopol toy.The history of it goes back to ancient times, it runs through the centuries and stops in the modern Kargopol House Museum Sheveleva dynasty.Perhaps the one who first sees the pottery, says, "This I will do myself."But no, there must be a special skill, talent, gift.To create Kargopol toy, you feel the spirit of the peasant and soak up the love of ancient art and his homeland.
