mysterious and magical world of astronomy in ancient times attracted the attention of mankind.People raised their heads up to the starry sky, and asked the eternal question of why the stars change their position, why, the day and night, why somewhere howling blizzard, but somewhere in the desert, plus 50 ...
Movementluminaries and calendars
Most of the planets of the solar system revolve around him.At the same time they make turns around the sun.Some make it fast and quickly, others - slowly and solemnly.Earth is no exception, it is constantly moving in space.Even in ancient times people to know the causes and mechanism of this movement have noticed some common pattern and began to make calendars.Even then, humanity was interested in the question of what the speed of the Earth around the sun.
sun rises at dawn
movement of the earth around its axis - a terrestrial day.A complete pass of the planet on its orbit around the ellipsoidal light - is the calendar year.
If you stand on the North Pole and an imaginary axis through the Earth to the South Pole, it turns out that our planet is in motion from west to east.Remember back in the "Lay" states that "the sun rises at dawn?"East meets the sun's rays are always ahead of the West.That is why the New Year in the Far East comes earlier than in Moscow.
Thus, scientists have determined that only two points on our planet are in a static position relative to the circular motion.It is the North and South Pole.
crazy speed
All the other places on the planet are in perpetual motion.What is the speed of the Earth around the Sun?At the equator, it is the highest, reaching 1670 kilometers per hour.Closer to the middle latitudes, for example in Italy, have much lower speed - 1200 km per hour.And the closer to the poles, so it is less and less.
period of the Earth around its axis is 24 hours.So say researchers.We call it simpler - day.
And the speed with which the Earth rotates around the Sun?
350 times faster than a race car
Also rotation around the axis, the Earth also makes ellipse movement around the star called the sun.How fast is the Earth rotates around the Sun?Scientists have already calculated this figure using complex formulas and calculations.The speed of the Earth around the Sun is 107 thousand kilometers per hour.
hard to even try to imagine these crazy, unrealistic figures.For example, even the maximum speed of a racing car - 300 kilometers per hour - 356 times less than the speed of the Earth in its orbit.
We think that it is the sun rises and rises, that the earth is stationary and the light makes a circle in the sky.For a long time, humanity was thought so, until scientists have proved that everything happens the other way around.Today, even a schoolboy knows that the world is: a planet slowly and solemnly moving around the sun and not vice versa.There is a revolution of the Earth around the Sun, and not as previously thought ancient people.
So, we found out that the speed of the earth's rotation around its axis and the Sun are respectively 1670 kilometers per hour (at the equator), and 107 thousand kilometers per hour, respectively.Wow, we are flying!
solar and stellar year
full circle, or rather elliptical oval shaped planet Earth goes around the sun in 356 days, 48 5:00 minutes 46 seconds.These figures astronomers call "astrological year."Therefore, the question "What is the frequency of revolution of the Earth around the Sun?"we respond simply and succinctly: "Year".This figure remains unchanged, but for some reason, every four years we have a leap year occurs in which a single day more.
Just astronomers have long agreed that the extra 5 "pennies" are not considered hours each year and select the number of astronomical year, times day.Thus, the year is 365 days.But that did not happen with the time of failure to the natural rhythms did not move in time, every four years the calendar appears only one extra day in February.These chetvertsutok for 4 years, "going" in a full day - and we note a leap year.Thus, answering the question of what is the frequency of revolution of the Earth around the sun safely say that one year.
The scientific world has the concept of "solar year" and "Star (Sidereal) year."The difference between them is about 20 minutes and it comes from the fact that our planet is rapidly makes orbital motion than the sun returned to the place, which astronomers have identified as the vernal equinox.We already know the velocity of the Earth around the Sun, and the full period of revolution of the Earth around the Sun is 1 year.
days and years on other planets
have nine planets of the solar system - its "concept" of the speed that these days and what astronomical year.
planet Venus, for example, is wrapped around itself 243 Earth days.Can you imagine how many you can catch all in one day?And as the night lasts!
But Jupiter is the opposite.This planet is spinning around its axis with a giant speed and time to make the turn at 360 degrees for 9.92 hours.
speed passage of the Earth in its orbit around the sun takes one year (365 days), but Mercury - only 58.6 Earth days.Mars, the planet nearest to Earth, a day lasts almost the same as on Earth - 24 and a half hours, but the year is almost twice as long - 687 days.
of the Earth around the sun is 365 days.Now let's multiply this figure by 247.7 and get one year on the planet Pluto.We have the last millennium, and on the outermost planet in the solar system - just four years.
These are paradoxical and frightening magnitude of its scale figures.
Mysterious ellipse
to understand why on Earth periodically changing seasons, why we, in the middle lane, hot in summer and cold in winter, it is important not only to answer the question about the speed with which the Earth rotates aroundSun, and which way.You must also understand how she performs.
And she does it in a circle, but an ellipse.If the Sun draw the Earth's orbit, we see that is closest to the luminary it is in January, and more often - in July.Nearest point position of the Earth in an orbit called perihelion, and the farthest - aphelion.
Since the Earth's axis is not in the upright position, and declined by about 23.4 degrees, and relative to the ellipsoid orbit inclination angle is increased to 66.3 degrees, it turns out that the different positions of Earth Sun substitutes different sides.
Due to the inclination of the orbit the Earth turns to the luminary different hemispheres, hence the change of weather.When the storms in the Northern Hemisphere winter, Southern hot summer blooms.It will take six months - and the situation will change quite the opposite.
cool, earthly world!
and the sun around which something rotates?Of course!In space there is absolutely stationary objects.All the planets, all of their satellites, comets and asteroids are spinning like clockwork.Of course, the various celestial bodies and the rotation speed is different, and the angle of inclination of the axis, but still they are always in motion.And the sun, which is the star, not the exception.
solar system is not independent enclosed space.It is part of a huge spiral galaxy called the Milky Way.It, in turn, includes no less than 200 billion stars.The sun moves in a circle about the center of this galaxy.The speed of rotation around the axis of the Sun and the Milky Way galaxy, scientists also calculated using the long-term observations and mathematical formulas.
Today such data are available.Its full cycle of circular motion around the Milky Way, the sun passes for 226 million years.In astronomy, this figure is called "galactic year".Thus if we imagine the surface of a flat galaxy, our light makes small fluctuations up and down, appearing alternately in the North, in the Southern Hemisphere, the Milky Way.The frequency of these oscillations is 30-35 million years.
Scientists believe that the sun during the existence of the Galaxy managed to make 30 complete revolutions around the Milky Way.This way, the Sun is lived only 30 years of galactic.Anyway, so say the scientists.
Most scientists believe that life on Earth originated 252 million years ago.Thus, it can be argued that the first living organisms appeared on Earth, when the Sun is making his 29th orbit around the Milky Way, that is, on the 29th year of his galactic life.
body and the gases are moving at different speeds
We learned a lot of interesting facts.Outside the velocity of circulation of the Earth around the sun, we already know, find out what the astronomical and galactic year, the speed with which move in their orbits Earth and the Sun, and now will determine how fast the sun turns around the axis.
fact that the sun revolves noticed by ancient scholars.It is periodically appearing and disappearing like spots, which led to the conclusion about its rotation axis.But how fast?Scientists, having the most modern research methods, for a long time arguing about it.
After our star has a very complex composition.His body - solid-liquid.Inside there is a solid core, around which the hot fluid mantle.Above it - the solid crust.In addition to all this the Sun's surface is shrouded in hot gas that burns constantly.This is a heavy gas, which consists primarily of hydrogen.
So, the very body of the Sun rotates slowly, and the burning gas - fast.
25 days and '22
outer shell of the Sun makes a full rotation around its axis in 27 and a half days.Astronomers were able to determine, observing sunspots.But this average.For example, the sunspots at the equator rotate faster and make the rotation about the axis 25 days.At the poles are moved with the speed of the spot 31 to 36 days.
very same body of revolution around the axis of the star makes for 22.14 years.In general, for a hundred years, life on earth will turn around the axis of the sun only four and a half times.
why scientists have accurately studied the speed of rotation of our star?
Because it provides answers to many questions of evolution.After all, the sun is a star of the source of life of all living things on Earth.It is because of solar flares, as many researchers in the world lives there (252 million years ago).And it is because of the behavior of the Sun in ancient times killed the dinosaurs and other reptiles.
Sveti us bright sun!
People always wonder about, not whether the sun will exhaust their energy, whether it goes out?Of course, it goes out - there is nothing eternal.And for such massive stars have the time of birth, activity and decay.But as long as the sun is in the middle of the evolutionary cycle, and it has enough power.By the way, at the beginning of this star was less bright.Astronomers have determined that in the very early stages of development, the brightness of the sun was 70 percent lower than it is now.
