Examples of emergencies often argue that natural phenomena can lead to disaster.The strength of natural accidents often destructive and leads to serious negative consequences.Each year, scientists recorded about 1 million of seismic and microseismic vibrations of the earth.About 100 of them are perceptible to humans and cause major damage in 1000.More prone to seismic vibrations: Mediterranean area, south of Eurasia from Portugal to the west side of the eastern zone of the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific region, which surrounds the Pacific coast.This includes mountain ranges: the Andes Cordillera, the Crimea, the Himalayas, the Caucasus, the Carpathians, the Apennines and the Alps.
The earthquake measured at a 12-point scale of seismology.Weak push fixed as one point.Each new rating means that once a push to 10 times greater than the previous.The most sensational earthquakes recorded in 1906 in California (USA) - 10 points, in 1923 in Japan - more than 10 points.Died here, there are about 150 thousand people.In 1928 he suffered a shock in Spitak 8 points.The city was completely destroyed, the victims were more than 25 thousand people.Record holder in the number and strength of earthquakes considered Chile and Japan.
Scientists have registered more than 1,000 terrestrial vibrations per year in these countries.The strongest tremors of the Earth's interior emerge in the area of the Japanese islands Suruga and Sagami.Weak fluctuations are observed in the city of Niigata.The locals are so used to this that have not much worried.The city is experiencing great loss: falling advertising signs and slightly rocking the house.
Earthquake in Japan
A strong earthquake in Japan, there is an open area.In the soil of the earth cracks.Over time, they become wider, the soil is cracking, as if at attention.If the vibrations are incredibly active, the earth literally distorted wavy jerks.
This phenomenon can be observed in Japan (1923) in the South Kanto.Point earthquake was under the Sagami Bay.On its coast have been destroyed almost all houses.Scientists believe the earthquake in Japan, the most destructive of all.
In the cities of Tokyo and Yokohama panic reigned.In the capital of Japan, killing 6,000 people.The ensuing fire destroyed nearly the entire city.Strong fluctuations occurred in the afternoon.
Almost immediately there were fiery fires everywhere.Gusty wind carried the fire everywhere.Some pockets of fires merged together, and soon already blazing on all sides.People were running everywhere to escape the fire.So, during this earthquake left 3.5 million homeless and 150,000 Japanese people died.Japan suffered catastrophic losses, which is 5 times higher than the cost of the country in the Russian-Japanese war.
Volcanoes
scientists recorded about a thousand active volcanoes.Every 2 years to the existing volcanoes adds three new ones.It is unpredictable and amazing phenomenon!According to scientists, the first volcanoes appeared on the planet 4 billion years ago.
oldest volcano is located in Ukraine.The name of the Kara-Dag.Eruptions of this power occurred about 150 million years ago.At the moment, Kara-Dag is not a threat, it is impossible to declare the other well-known counterparts.
Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia, located in the Sunda Strait.Monstrous explosion from the bowels of the mountain took place in 1883.It recorded that at this moment the shock wave went around the volcano globe 7 times and caused a giant tsunami, which reached a height of 30 meters!As a result of these phenomena have been destroyed about 300 towns and villages.
People were literally burned in a fiery cloud of gas ejected by the volcano.Istria science explosion of Krakatoa is the most powerful.The strength of his energy in 200 thousand times higher than the nuclear explosion that destroyed Hiroshima!
severely damaged Krakatau destroyed itself, but in 1927 researchers discovered a new volcano.Indonesians gave him the name of Anak Krakatau, which means "Child of Krakatau".Every year, the young volcano adds to the growth of from 3 to 7 meters.
Around him there is no settlement.Examples of emergencies have forced the Indonesian government to impose a ban on the place of residence of the population near the volcano.But the place itself will benefit from it!In this zone are found red wolves, wild boars, the clouded leopard and the last remaining Javan rhino in the world.
Vesuvius This volcano is located in Italy.There is hardly a man who would not have heard of Vesuvius.The power of this eruption destroyed Pompeii, not only, but also the city of Stabiae and Herculaneum.
For a long time the mountain was considered a calm sleeping volcano.But in '79, when the Italian nation was in anticipation of fighting gladiators, a cloud appeared in the sky.It grew in his eyes, falling asleep all the ash.In the end, out of sight of the sun disappeared and there was an ominous darkness.
Pompei disappeared under the three-meter layer of ash.This tragic story is told by poets and immortalized by artists.The ruins of the ancient city is visited annually by about 3 million tourists.
Eruption 2014
At the beginning of the summer experts have recorded seismic activity in the area Bardarbungi.However, towards the end of the summer volcano made people begin to worry seriously.The first tremors and researchers recorded the activity of magma in the column: "Eruption, 18 August 2014".Iceland's government, concerned about the melting of the glaciers blocked the road mnozhestno ways.Evacuation of local residents began to produce 20 August 2014.Tourists who have visited Iceland, too, were forced to return home.Eruption Bardarbungi lasted until October 2014.
Fires
Examples of emergencies show that once people learned to erect building structures made of wood and an abundance of flammable materials, fires began to emerge.One of the most devastating fires occurred in Boston (1872).
Crazy fireplace caused huge financial damage to the residents of the neighborhood.As a result of the fact that there was a fire, an emergency situation has deprived thousands of local residents of their homes.Hundreds of businesses were destroyed and dozens of bankrupt insurance companies.
number of errors and misunderstandings led to the fact that in the center of the city burned down 766 houses and 20 people.For example, originally it was disabled Lock System Announced.This was done because of frequent false alarms.Fortunately, in spite of the enormous losses at the time ($ 70 million), Boston was able to check out after 2 years.
London was burning in 1212.The fire killed about 3,000 people, about a third of the city was in ruins.This is not the first fire in the history of London.Prior to this fire disaster was in 1130 and 1135 respectively.This great city burned 6 times.The largest fire is the one that occurred in 1666.That fire killed 6 people, but the fire caused serious material damage to London, destroying more than 13,200 houses and 80 churches.
The only thing that made this a useful fire - destroyed dirty slums associated with the Great Plague.This kind of cleaning helped London later restored after the fire in the already cleared areas.Another sensational fire in the city of Rome came in 1964.
fire in Rome and not only
Legends about this fire disaster go today.One of them is that the Emperor Nero deliberately decided to betray Rome flame to clean the area to build his palace in the future.But this version is not supported by the evidence and therefore remained at the level of speculation.Though, later Emperor actually erected on the ruins of a rich palace, but after a few years his power declined.
According to historical facts, the flames raged in Rome for 5 days.Historians account for another 8 cities known world katasroficheskimi fire!This Chicago (1871), San Francisco (1906), Peshtigo (1871), Texas City (1967), Halifax (1917), Tokyo (1923).Particularly affected by natural disasters Tokyoites.
City was attacked at the same time a major earthquake, and then found himself in flames of fire.Gusty wind carried the fire in different directions.People tried to escape to the open countryside, but it did not save them from injury and death.
known that one of the squares of the city suffocated by the smoke surrounding the burning buildings of more than 35 thousand people.More than 500 thousand people missing, dead Tokyo people counted 174,000.Survivors people long remember shouting: "Fire! Emergency!"Equally large fires occurred in Amsterdam (1421 1452 years), Moscow (1547, 1812 years), Copenhagen (1728 1795 years).
on the territory of Russia for the last 3 years of recorded fires in industrial plants: in Yekaterinburg (2012) prozoshlo fire at a furniture plant, also at the Leningrad mechanical factory.Information about the dead and injured are not available.
In 2013, there were fires: bakery to bakery in the city of Tula region Plasvkom on oil depot in the Irkutsk region.In 2014, in the workshop of the Omsk plant exploded gas mixture, after which there was a fire.In February this year, there was a fire at a petrochemical plant "Stavrolen" city of Budennovsk. The elimination of fire took place in stages. It took a few days. Emergency forced to suffer from injuries and burns 11 people.
hurricanes and tornadoes
These natural disasters arewind meteorological phenomena. Active cyclonic activity in the atmosphere contributes to hurricanes, storms and tornadoes. These natural phenomena can be described as pressure air masses with a certain strength of the dynamic impact and the throwing action. Photo hurricanes and tornadoes clearly gives us the image of a powerful monster.
OnRussian territory hurricanes often in the Kuril Islands, in Chukotka, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions. Normally hurricanes occur in the autumn and may be accompanied by snowfalls, hail, downpours. Rush the wind is able to carry light building damage sturdy structures break down anduproot trees.
Examples of emergencies are convinced that during the hurricane and tornado to people threatened with serious injury, injury and even death.One of the strongest hurricanes is the one that collapsed in 1780, the island of the Caribbean.Elemental wind walked its power from Newfoundland to the Barbados.According to scientists this hurricane destroyed about 22 thousand people.More than 600 thousand inhabitants homeless.Seven-wave storm demolished almost all the villages.Eyewitnesses mentioned that the air element was accompanied by an incredible rain, which literally tore the bark from the trees before they topple.
science knows another hurricane with the beautiful name "Catherine".He was born in the Bahamas in 2005, she gained strength and poured out his fury on the American coast.The authorities were not prepared for such a rapid development of events.Devastating hurricane claimed the life of 1836 people.
In Russia recorded tornado in Lublin, which fell on June 29, 1904.Witnesses said that in broad daylight, it was dark.In the space of heavenly lightning flashed everywhere.The main focus of the tornado began in Lublin, and then moved to the Simonov monastery, Rogozhsky area and walked through part of Lefortovo, capturing both sides of the Yauza.On the streets was something unimaginable!People fled their homes, dodging flying on their boards, bricks, iron sheets from the roofs.The sounds of high winds: the crackling, howling roar terrified.This whirlwind lasted no more than two minutes, but witnesses this spectacle long shared their impressions.They were especially struck by the fact that one of the main streets was destroyed by a solid stone fence.Massive massive factory chimney was deformed and was lying on the pavement.
Floods
duration and intensity of precipitation in the form of showers lead to flooding.It is safe to say that in those regions dominated by strong winds, storm, hurricane - flooding is imminent.It is considered to surge.This exposed coastal areas.When underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur floods caused by the tsunami waves.
It is also a natural phenomenon occurs due to the rapid melting of snow, for example, on the rivers of the northern hemisphere.In the foothills and high plains flooding and cause breakouts of intra-dammed lakes.
The category of "great flood" is St. Petersburg (1824).During the disaster the water level in the Neva River rose to 4.14-4.21 mm above normal.Killing more than 100 people.Another flood happened in China (1931), the dead counted more than 145 thousand people.
In 1938 the water element again dealt a blow to the Chinese population.On Russian territory rather severe flooding occurred in the Far East in 2013.It is classified as "natural flood."
cause of water disaster monsoon rains began, because of which the overflowing rivers caused an unprecedented rise of water in the Amur.It should be noted that in the fall of 2012 went under the river overflow winter precipitation.According to statistics from the flooding affected 80 thousand people and damage to agriculture estimated at 8.5 MAWP rubles.
Guide
So some guidelines to help people in case of natural bedstviya.Chelovek emergency is able to experience the shock, so you should be aware of the rules of conduct at the time of the disaster.
If you are caught up with the flood, we immediately try to get to the upper floors, roofs and attics.Do not forget to give signals of distress sheet or towel at night - a flashlight.
If flooding does not pose a significant threat, before returning to your home, make sure it is durable enough.Be sure to ventilate the premises to remove accumulated gases.
Beware include electricity.The first thing to check the reliability of wiring and other utilities.All the impurities brought clean water is recommended as soon as possible.This will prevent the spread of infection.If the water flow is invincible and is a threat, Emergency Situations Ministry rescuers evacuate people from the disaster.
If there Announced population hurricane, the first step is to tightly close all windows, doors and attic openings.When approaching the wind (storm, hurricane), a man is important to find a safe shelter.It is best if it's a very small room in the room or basement.
should be as far as possible from the door and window openings.The best thing - is to lie on the floor and cover your head with his hands.If an individual has appeared during a natural invasion in the car on the roadway, you should immediately leave the vehicle.The fact that there might not be space, trenches and pits, should not enter the human despair.It should lie on the ground and try to protect his head.
Natural disasters, natural disasters - not rare in our country.Therefore, all recommended to have in the house a marching backpack in case there Announced: "Emergency. Emergency."The backpack should be warm clothes, drinking water, first aid kit with medicines, rations, copies of identity documents, a flashlight and a small amount of money.Periodically check the shelf life of foods and medicines.
Forewarned - is forearmed
In each disaster has its own characteristics: the nature of the defeat, the scale of destruction, the number of people affected.It is important to know the causes and nature of the disaster.With prudent behavior of the local population manages to significantly reduce all types of losses.
State System of Emergency Situations said that the correct prediction of the emergence and development of the natural disaster and zablogovremennoe Announced population - is still a major problem.And we have to work on it.
in emergency situations must be present organization of existing structures.Cohesive actions of federal and local government units Emergency Situations Ministry in conjunction with the competent actions of the population makes it possible to incur much less human deaths and property loss.Parallel to this, are the most effective measures for the elimination of the accident and its consequences.
