The further in the development of our civilization, the more energy it needs.Now generate electricity stations of three types - nuclear, thermal and water.Compared to nuclear power plants and thermal power station, hydroelectric power station produce the cheapest electricity, but the construction of hydroelectric power plants are expensive.Especially problematic construction of hydroelectric power stations on the rivers of Europe - European land road, and it is large enough to flood the land is sometimes impossible.In Russia HPP completely different problem - seasonality.In winter, when the river ice, hydroelectric power stations are idle.
HPP Russia are divided into two types.The first stations are built on large rivers of the plains, and the stations of the second type were built on the mountain rivers.The majority of Russian hydroelectric power station was built on the plains, although in Europe such stations considered unprofitable.This decision was taken for the sake of Russian energy good irrigation of lands adjacent to the GES.
As you know, the work of any HPP based on the principle of transformation of the kinetic energy of falling water flows into electrical energy.There are, however, some nuances, which HPP Russia divided into three types.
hydroelectric plants to generate electricity using special hydraulic structures, which create the necessary pressure of water.The conversion of energy takes place in the turbine, where the kinetic energy becomes mechanical, and after that - electric.These hydroelectric Russia, mostly built on slow lowland rivers.
special kind of tide stations are hydroelectric.They are built on the shores of the seas and to create electricity using tidal pressure.The construction of such stations is expensive, electricity is generated in them is not always, but only when the flow or ebb, so tidal hydroelectric power plant in Russia, there are very few.
The third species are pumped storage station.These plants produce electricity, pumping a quantity of water between the tanks of the same volume, wherein one reservoir is located below the other.At night, water is pumped into the upper reservoir, and a day down there in the lower pool.Give the head is used to generate electricity.
Another, the fourth kind of HPP emerged recently.Damless tubular devices or power is very simple, so it can be installed on smaller rivers and inaccessible.
Now hydroelectric Russian economy consists of thirteen large and about hundreds of small stations.The largest hydroelectric Russia built on such rivers as the Ob, Svir, Volga and Yenisei.The largest is considered Krasnoyarsk HPP, located near the city of Divnogorsk, in a place where the Yenisey crosses the foothills of the Eastern Sayan.This hydroelectric power station for the year produces more than twenty billion kilowatts of electricity.
main environmental problem associated with the HPP Russian flooding of fertile land, because of which significantly affects the quality of water in rivers.Artificial reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants with time turned into septic tanks, which are deposited nutrients and heavy metals.Despite environmental concerns, the Russian hydropower has broad prospects.
