From the beginning of human civilization draws energy from the natural resources.Oil, gas, coal - these minerals are irreplaceable.Stocks of depleted over time, which certainly in the near future could lead to an energy crisis.The electrical energy - the future of humanity.The versatility, variety of uses - the main quality of electric power.But modern, well-mastered ways to produce either completely dependent on the above resources, or cause irreparable harm to the environment.
Thermal power plants consume large amounts of fuel oil or coal, and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere adversely affect the overall ecology of the region.Hydroelectric power during operation does not bring much harm, but their construction changed the river bed, which has a detrimental effect on the ecosystem.Nuclear power plants are also harmless, they do not carry out emissions, but each of them is a powerful bomb.A striking example of this are the two terrible man-made disasters at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union and Fukushima in Japan.But electrical energy can be produced not only by traditional methods.Moreover, the production of electricity by alternative technologies are already fully utilized and studied.Even used, though not in such a large scale.
With modern technology the electrical energy can be almost free.You can get it by using the force of the wind, the heat of the Earth, transforming solar energy and biofuels.Each type of electricity generation will be discussed below in more detail.
wind power uses mankind since ancient times.With the wind moving ships, spinning mills, millstones, and now the wind helps to produce electricity by rotating blades of wind power plants.They vary in size and give power, wind station can serve as a primary and secondary source of energy.
Electrical energy can be obtained from geothermal power plants.Their operating principle is similar to the work of CHP, but is used as fuel warm thermal waters.In Russia, these power stations are located on the Kamchatka Peninsula.Essential disadvantages of such stations was high cost and limited construction.Such stations can be placed only in areas of active hot springs.
installation that uses sensitive photocell converts solar energy into electricity, called a solar cell.Such batteries are used in space today, providing electricity ISS, ensuring its smooth operation.The amount of electricity produced depends on the area of ​​photovoltaics.Such plants can be used at a house, and on the scale of the city.
Waste is one of the main problems of modern civilization.Constantly increasing landfills stronger polluting.But any household waste can be processed into biofuels, which in the near future, most likely, will be the primary fuel.Waste to pyrolysis and gasification, the output is produced alcohol and biogas.They also have the ability to rotate the turbine even aging purposes.Boitoplivom can refuel vehicles with a diesel engine.
Despite the seemingly obvious benefits in the use of alternative sources for electricity, the government is reluctant to at their construction.Power plants of the future will pay for themselves, but for a long time, and the amount of energy that they give out, is still lower than the output from nuclear and hydro.But the coming energy crisis and the deteriorating environmental situation still lead to the creation of new, cheap and environmentally friendly power plants.
