great emperors of Russia is an alpha and omega, and the prosperity of its people.As God - the master of the universe, and they are masters of their land.And ruled it was a lot.The very first representative of this title was Peter.And probably it not in vain history of the Russian Empire begins with this great personality.
future great emperor
Peter Born in Moscow in 1672, the ninth of June.It was the fourteenth child of Alexei Mikhailovich and his second wife Natalia Naryshkin.After the death of Tsar Peter inherited a country that was very underdeveloped in comparison with the cultural prosperous European countries.While the Renaissance and the Reformation swept Europe, Russia rejected westernization and remained isolated from modernization.
Peter the Great - the first emperor of Russia, which has become known for its numerous reforms and attempts to make their state a great power.He created a strong navy, reorganized the army by Western standards.When it introduced new administrative and territorial division of the country, he initiated a series of changes that have affected all spheres of Russian life.
Radical changes and the overall development of
Particular attention is the first emperor of Russia sent to the development of science.He hired a few foreign experts to train their people all sorts of technological advances.Focus on the development of trade and industry, he has upgraded the Russian alphabet, introduced the Julian calendar, as well as when it was created the first Russian newspaper.
Peter A. was a visionary and a skilled diplomat, who canceled an archaic form of government established by the Government and the Senate.It was the highest organ of state power to regulate all branches of the administration, as well as solutions and innovative achievements in the foreign policy of Russia.
new territorial possessions
During the reign of Peter the Great State has acquired numerous areas such as Estonia, Latvia and Finland.After a battle with Turkey, he gained access to the Black Sea.And one thousand seven hundred twelfth year Poroshenko moved the capital to a new city on the Neva River - St. Petersburg, founded by him and which soon became a "window to Europe".
In accordance with the rules and changes Peter Russia became a great European power.And in 1721, he proclaimed her empire, respectively, to Peter Alekseevich was given the title of Emperor of All Russia, the Great Father of the Fatherland.
Peter was married twice and had eleven children, many of whom died in infancy.The eldest son from his first marriage, Alex, was convicted of treason and executed in secret in 1718.Peter A. eighth died in February 1725 without an heir nomination.
Another Peter A.
Naturally, the Russian state controls not only the emperors of Russia, the chronology also indicates the presence of four empresses.One of them was Catherine first.She sat on the throne after Peter the Great.And then came to power, the grandson of Peter the Great.He was born on the twelfth October 1715.His mother died ten days after his birth.But three years later his father followed after my mother.
In 1727 Menshikov called Catherine the first to sign a will in favor of Peter.And when the Empress died, Peter continued his second list of Russian emperors.
actual rule of the Supreme Council
Menshikov placed the boy into his home and began to control his actions.Little Peter was alive, intelligent, skilful and stubborn child and was much like his great-grandfather.Despite this similarity, it is, in contrast to Peter the Great, did not want to learn.
Being too young Peter the Second Empire could not control, and almost did not participate in the activities of the Privy Council.This quickly led to a breach of the state system, as officials feared unmotivated actions of Peter and did not want to take responsibility for any important decisions.
thirtieth day of November one thousand seven hundred and twenty ninth, Peter II was engaged to eighteen beautiful Catherine Alexeyevna Dolgorukova.But next year, the sixth of January, he caught a cold during a military review and smallpox.Died nineteenth January 1730.
After the death of Peter II on the throne sits a woman again - Anna Ivanovna.A subsequent Russian emperors - the chronology shows ten years of her reign - expect their place in the history of the state.
Emperor, an infant or a power struggle
Sixth Ivan was born in St. Petersburg, the twelfth in August 1740.He was the son of Prince Anton Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and Anna Leopoldovna.Twelve days before his death, Empress announced a two-month Ivan as his successor.And Ernst Johann Biron was to serve as regent for the boy until he reaches the age of seventeen.
But Ivan's mother in 1740 overthrew the regent Biron and proclaimed itself.A year later she was overthrown Elizabeth, supported by the grenadiers and officers of the Preobrazhensky Regiment.The daughter of Peter the Great, Anna with all the family and the baby emperor was arrested and imprisoned in the castle, near Riga.Then the Emperor Ivan The sixth was transferred to Kholmogory.There's an empty bishop's house was transformed into a prison.There the boy lived for the next twelve years, without seeing anyone except his jailer.
mysterious death of another prisoner or Emperor
complicated story has many representatives of the royal family, who were to take their place on the throne.And perhaps it was one of the reasons that some of the emperors of Russia (chronology indicates their names) to voluntarily relinquish power in favor of someone from their relatives.
But what happened to more grown-up Ivan the Sixth?Rumors about his detention in Kholmogory is spreading, and the kingdom of Elizabeth translates it into Schlisselburg fortress where he was placed in solitary confinement.Personality prisoners are held in deep secrecy.Even the prison guards did not know who guarded.Ivan kept in appalling conditions.The only light was a candle for him.
guards reported that the boys were disturbed mental abilities, Ivan lost his memory and had no clue who he is.Stuttering it was so hard to understand that what the prisoner says, it is almost impossible, however, Ivan Sixth remember his real name.
deposed emperor was a danger to the German princess, seized the throne, and she ordered to guard it very carefully, and in case of attempts to free a prisoner - to kill him.And soon after that on the night of the fourth on 5 July 1764 the Smolensk Infantry Regiment Lieutenant Vasily Mirovich led rebel soldiers tried to rescue Ivan, and the prisoner was executed immediately.So the list of Russian Emperors added another name.Unhappy Ivan the Sixth, who was not able to take its rightful place.
grandson of two emperors of Russia and Sweden
all the emperors of Russia, the order of succession of palace coups or by occupying the throne, somehow specified in the historical archives.And we should mention here Peter III, who ruled Russia for just six months.He was born on the twenty first of February one thousand seven hundred and twenty-eighth year in northern Germany.It was the only son of Anna Petrovna and Karl Friedrich.The grandson of two emperors - Peter the Great and Charles the Twelfth.
boy showed an interest in art, he loved military parades and dreamed that once it becomes a world-famous warrior.At the age of fourteen years, he was brought to Russia by his aunt Elizabeth ruling.Twenty-first in August 1745, Peter married Princess of Anhalt-Tserbskoy, who took the name Catherine.The political marriage, organized by Peter's aunt, was a disaster from the start.
Emperor, who hated the Russian state and its people
Catherine was a woman of tremendous intelligence, and Peter remained a child in the body of an adult male.They have one son - Paul, the future emperor, and daughter Anna, who died in childhood.All the emperors of Russia, in order occupy the throne and control by the state, mainly trying to bring the country the maximum benefit.But Peter Third exception.He hated Russia.I do not care about the Russian people, and detested the Orthodox Churches.
After Peter III took his place on the throne, he canceled the foreign policy of his aunt, he brought Russia from the Seven Years War, and the contemporaries considered this step as a betrayal of Russian victims of war.But at the same time, experts who are interested in the history of the emperors of Russia, suggested that perhaps the decision of Peter III was part of a pragmatic plan for the impact of the Russian state to the west.
reforms or services to the state
However, Peter III during the reign organized a series of internal reforms, which today seem very democratic.Proclaimed freedom of religion, abolished the secret police, prohibited the killing of serfs by their owners.And also established the first state-owned bank.
Board of many emperors in Russia ended in the tragic death.Also it happened to Peter III.There is much speculation about his death, but in fact he was the victim of a conspiracy of his wife Catherine, who wanted to get rid of him to take the throne.Twenty-eighth June 1762, Peter was arrested and soon killed.
tyrannical rule Paul
Some of the names of the emperors of Russia is impossible to mention with great gratitude and pride.For example, Paul I, who ruled the country for five years of tyrannical before he was killed.He was born in St. Petersburg in 1754.His parents - the future Emperor Peter III and Catherine II.The mother did not consider it as a future governor and sent to live in the estate in Gatchina.And in place of the future emperor Ekaterina he is preparing his son Alexander.
But after the death of the Empress, Paul seized the throne, and his first decree was to establish the birthright to the throne, and not the choice of a successor to the emperor himself.Assuming that Russia needed an absolute monarchy, he began to cut the power and privileges of the nobility.To the ideals of the French Revolution did not spread in the country, it outlaws foreign books and travel outside the state.
Numerous changes in domestic and foreign policy, Paul, in conjunction with its despotic attitude and fits of rage, caused the spread of rumors about his mental unbalance.And twenty-third in March 1801 Paul Third was murdered.And on the throne by his son Alexander.
pupil grandmother Catherine
Alexander was born in St. Petersburg in December 1777 eleven.He was brought up by Catherine the Great, who did not love his son Paul did not think that he is able to govern the country.She saw the future emperor's grandson.He was well versed in European culture, history and politics, and was raised in a free-thinking spirit of the court of the Empress.
But hatred between Paul and Catherine made him play two different roles.When his grandmother, he adhered to the principles of human rights and civil liberties enjoyed opera and philosophy.And next to her father was a strict military discipline and endless training.Soon, Alexander has become a natural chameleon, became secretive and easily look at me under the circumstances.
In 1801, at the age of twenty-three years, Alexander was crowned.Beautiful and charming emperor has been extremely popular.True to the ideals of his liberal school, he embarked on a series of social reforms.They were banned torture, but the new law allowed the peasants to buy themselves out of serfdom.Followed by the administrative, financial and educational change.
Triumph great monarch
During the reign of Russian emperors had many different wars and battles.But one of the most important, even called the Patriotic War, a war with Napoleon.For Alexander it was a divine mission, something more than just a war between the two countries.It was a battle between good and evil.And when Alexander after his victory drove the head of his troops in Paris, he became one of the most powerful monarchs.It was a triumph of his reign.
In the last years of the emperor became very obsessed with God and Christianity.And when he nineteenth died in November 1825, has been walking a lot of rumors that the king secretly abdicated and became a monk.What Russian emperors were actually and what thoughts have visited their great minds do not even know the story.
Childhood and the reign of Nicholas
Nicholas I was the ninth child of Paul I and Maria Feodorovna.Born twenty-fifth day of June, one in 1796.As a child, he was rude and naughty.Educated at first from a Scottish nanny, and then - General Gustav Lambsdorff.Lacking broad and inquisitive mind, Nicholas did not like to study.The young prince became animated only when the lessons came to an end and he was allowed to wear uniforms and participate war games.
Nicholas was brought up as a future emperor, and in the beginning of his reign, was faced with an event that shocked him.This revolt of the Decembrists.The five leaders were executed and about one hundred and twenty exiled to Siberia.Realizing the need for reform, the king nevertheless feared that the changes will shake the foundations of the empire, which he had to pass the descendants.There were other obstacles to reform - it is the closest relatives of the emperor, whose views have a tremendous impact on his actions.
slogans Nicholas was Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality.His reign marked the heyday of the absolute monarchy in Russia.He died in February eighteenth one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five from pneumonia.And finally, the last emperor of Russia.Chronology says their years of government.It was Alexander II and Alexander III and Nicholas II.The story ends with the Russian emperors.
Board son Nicholas
Alexander II, the eldest son of Nicholas I, was born on the seventeenth April 1818.He received a wonderful education.He knew several languages, learned the art of war, finance and diplomacy.From an early age he traveled.
becoming emperor, Alexander issued a law for the release of the peasants.The city got now more dignified life.And as they became free citizens, it was necessary to reform the entire system of local governance.During the reign of Alexander was reformed judicial system, all social classes became equal before the law.Pressure on censorship was eased, and people began to have more freedom of speech.
Despite numerous reforms to improve the lives of the Russian people, Alexander II became the target of revolutionaries.A member of the terrorist group killed the emperor in 1881.
Avatar Russian Bear
Alexander III was born on the twenty-sixth of February 1845 alone.Strong, terrible, desperate patriot, he became the epitome of the legendary Russian bear.He came to power at a crucial moment for the Empire.One half of the company was dissatisfied with the slow pace of reforms, the second was afraid of change.The economy has not recovered from the war with Turkey.Widespread terror unleashed by the revolutionaries, led to the formation of a counter-revolutionary group of monarchists.
Emperor did not like foreigners and pursued a policy of Russification.This has led to outbreaks of Russian nationalism and Jewish pogroms.He firmly adhered to the principle of "Russia for the Russian" and strengthened the power of the administration.Alexander Romanov died of nephritis in 1894.And came to power last Russian Emperor Nicholas II.
tragic finale of the imperial family
Interesting fact!Of the three different structural formations consist royal titles.Emperor of Russia also has the title of the form, one of which - full.And so the title of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II consisted of thirteen hundred words.
Nicholas II was born in 1868.In 1894, Nicholas became emperor.Despite his profound education, he felt that he is not ready for the responsibility that has been thrust upon him.And many of his contemporaries noted that he looked confused and bewildered.
